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==================
Basic Radio Setup
==================
First-Time Setup
----------------
After you have installed the AREDN |trade| firmware and rebooted the device, the node will have a default IP address of 192.168.1.1. Make sure your computer has an IP address on the 192.168.1.x network. After connecting your computer to a LAN port on the node or the :abbr:`PoE (Power over Ethernet)` unit, you should be able to ping the node at 192.168.1.1. Navigate to your node's web interface at ``http://192.168.1.1`` or ``http://localnode.local.mesh``. Some computers may have DNS search paths configured that require you to use the `fully qualified domain name (FQDN) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fully_qualified_domain_name>`_ to resolve *localnode* to the mesh node's IP address. Each node will serve its web interface on ports 80 and 8080.
The initial status page will be displayed, instructing you to configure your node by clicking the **Setup** button. This is sometimes referred to as the "NOCALL" or *firstboot* display.
.. image:: _images/basic-nocall.png
:alt: Setup NOCALL
:align: center
|
You will be prompted to enter the administrative login credentials. The default authentication credentials are:
| Username: ``root``
| Password: ``hsmm``
The **Basic Setup** page will be displayed, as shown below.
.. image:: _images/basic-setup.png
:alt: Basic Setup
:align: center
|
Many of these settings will be described in detail in subsequent sections of this documentation. In order to get your new AREDN |trade| node on the air for the first time, you need to enter the following items.
Node Name
Begin the node name with your callsign, followed by unique identifying information of your choice. Node names may contain up to 63 letters, numbers, and dashes, but cannot begin or end with a dash. Underscores, spaces, or any other characters are not allowed. Node names are not case sensitive, but the case will be preserved on the node status display.
Amateur radio operators are required to identify all transmitting stations. The AREDN |trade| node name is beaconed automatically by the node every five minutes, so the node name must contain your callsign. Recommended names follow the (callsign)-(label) format, such as AD5BC-MOBILE or AD5BC-120SE. As a general rule node names should be kept as short as possible, while clearly and uniquely identifying the node.
Password
Set a new administration password for the node with username 'root'. Typically passwords may contain the characters ``a-z``, ``A-Z``, ``0-9``, period ``.``, dash ``-``, underscore ``_``, exclamation ``!``, and tilde ``~``. Avoid linux-reserved characters, including but not limited to ``#``, ``$``, ``&``, ``*``, ``<``, ``>``. Enter your new password again in the *Retype Password* box to verify it is correct. You can click the *eye* icon at the right of the password fields to toggle between hidden and visible text. The first time a node is configured it will require you to change the password. Be sure to remember or record the new password so you can use it for any future administrative tasks on the node.
Node Description
This is not a required field, but it is a good place to describe the features or function of this device. Many operators use this field to list their contact information, the radio model and antenna specifications, or the tactical purpose for the node. There are no character restrictions in the field, but the maximum length allowed is 210 characters.
Mesh
The *IP Address, Netmask, and SSID* fields are automatically calculated for you based on the unique :abbr:`MAC (Media Access Control)` address of your node. Do not change these settings. Everything under the **LAN** and **WAN** columns can be left unchanged for now.
Channel and Channel Width
Nodes communicate only with other nodes that use the same SSID, channel and channel width. You can determine the correct settings by talking with other local node operators to find out which settings are required for joining their networks.
See the **Configuration Deep Dive** section for more information about these and other settings in the *Mesh* column.
Power & Distance Settings
If you have *Link Quality Manager* disabled, you will see the *Power & Distance* settings.
- Use the dropdown list to select the maximum output power for this device. Remember that amateur operators are required to use the minimum power necessary to make contact with other stations.
- Use the slider to select the maximum distance you estimate between your node and other neighboring nodes. The default value is *zero* which tells the node to automatically determine the correct distance value to the farthest neighbor node.
- Some devices have max power levels that change depending on the channel or frequency being used, and in that case the max level may change when you save the settings. The output power will be capped at the max level supported by the hardware for that frequency.
Power & Link Quality Settings
If you have *Link Quality Manager* enabled, you will see the *Power & Link Quality* settings.
- Use the dropdown list to select the maximum output power for this device. Remember that amateur operators are required to use the minimum power necessary to make contact with other stations.
- *Max Distance* is the maximum distance between nodes at which you can expect to achieve a usable radio link. The default value is 50 miles / 80 kilometers, but you can adjust this setting if your node is only able to maintain a usable radio link with nearby nodes.
- *Min SNR* is the minimum Signal-to-Noise ratio that you require in order to reliably pass data between nodes. The default is 15 dB, but you can lower this value if you require your node to continue passing data even on links that have reduced signal characteristics.
- *Min Quality* is the minimum Link Quality required in order to reliably pass data between nodes. This is calculated as the moving average of total sent packets over total sent packets plus retransmissions. For example, if the node had to send every packet twice for it to be successfully received, the link quality would be 50%.
Once you have entered, applied, and verified that your node settings are correct, click the **Save Changes** button. Your node will record the new configuration settings and automatically reboot.
Optional Settings
-----------------
Location Settings
In this section you can enter your node's latitude and longitude, as well as the grid square designator. The values should be in decimal format (for example, 30.5432 and -95.1234). The node location settings are optional, but if you have *Link Quality Manager* enabled then the location becomes important for calculating the distance between linked nodes.
.. image:: _images/basic-location.png
:alt: Optional Settings - Location
:align: center
There are several options for setting your node's location:
- If you are using a location-aware web browser, you can click the **Find Me** button to populate the latitude/longitude fields. This works well if you are viewing the *Basic Settings* page on a mobile device with built-in GPS.
- If your node has an Internet connection available, the **Show Map** and **Upload Data to AREDN Servers** buttons will become active. The **Show Map** button will display a map that allows you to click the position where your node is located or to drag an existing location marker to a different spot on the map. Both of these actions will automatically update the latitude/longitude fields on the page.
- The **Upload Data to AREDN Servers** button will send your node information to an AREDN |trade| server on the Internet. By submitting this information you are agreeing to allow AREDN |trade| to publish your node location on a public mapping service and utilize the information for other purposes such as statistical analysis. No sensitive data such as passwords are sent to the AREDN |trade| servers. If you wish to remove your node location from the public mapping service, simply clear or erase your latitude/longitude values, click *Apply Location Settings* and then *Upload Data to AREDN Servers*.
- **Antenna** information can also be entered for your node. The antenna type itself may be automatically populated based on your radio model. You may also enter the following deployment characteristics of your antenna: *Azimuth*, *Elevation* (up/down tilt), and *Height* (above ground level). Some values may not apply, such as azimuth and elevation if your node has an omnidirectional antenna.
- Click the **Apply Location Settings** button after entering new location information on this page. The new settings become active without clicking the *Save Changes* button.
Timezone and NTP Server
Here you select the timezone for your node's system clock, and the default value is ``UTC``. You can also enter the hostname for a `Network Time Protocol (NTP) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol>`_ source if your node is connected to a network which has a network time server. In the *NTP Server* field you should enter a valid hostname for the network time source, for example ``us.pool.ntp.org`` or ``AD5BC-ntp.local.mesh``. You may also choose how often NTP will update the node's clock by selecting a value from the dropdown list. The default is once per day [``daily``] but you may also select once per hour [``hourly``].
.. image:: _images/basic-time.png
:alt: Optional Settings - Time
:align: center
If your node is unable to connect to the NTP server specified here then it will briefly search for another NTP service which might be defined on your local mesh network. The node hosting that service must enter its Advertised Service with "NTP" as part of the service name. The protocol should be set to "ntp://", the hostname should point to the host providing the service, and the port should be set to "123", the standard NTP port. For example, ``ntp://ab7pa-box2.local.mesh:123`` would identify the NTP server portion of the Advertised Service. See the **Configuration Deep Dive** section for additional information about Advertised Services.
Next Steps
----------
After you finish configuring your node and click *Save Changes*, your node will immediately reboot using your new configuration. Your node will have an IP address in the 10.x.x.x range, so you should set your computer to use `DHCP <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol>`_ to obtain a new IP address from your node. As explained in the installation checklists, you may need to disconnect/reconnect or disable/enable your computer's Ethernet interface so that it begins using the new IP address. You can open a web browser and enter ``http://localnode.local.mesh`` or ``http://<your-nodename>.local.mesh`` to login to your node.

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====================
Firstboot Node Setup
====================
After you have installed the AREDN |trade| firmware and rebooted the device, the node will have a default IP address of 192.168.1.1. Make sure your computer has an IP address on the 192.168.1.x network. After connecting your computer to a LAN port on the node or the :abbr:`PoE (Power over Ethernet)` unit, you should be able to ping the node at 192.168.1.1. Navigate to your node's web interface at ``http://192.168.1.1`` or ``http://localnode.local.mesh``. Some computers may have DNS search paths configured that require you to use the `fully qualified domain name (FQDN) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fully_qualified_domain_name>`_ to resolve *localnode* to the mesh node's IP address. Each node will serve its web interface on ports 80 and 8080.
The firstboot status page will be displayed, instructing you to configure your node by entering a node name and password for administrative access to your node.
.. image:: _images/basic-firstboot.png
:alt: Setup node at firstboot
:align: center
Node Name
Begin the node name with your callsign, followed by unique identifying information of your choice. Node names may contain up to 63 letters, numbers, and dashes, but cannot begin or end with a dash. Underscores, spaces, or any other characters are not allowed. Node names are not case sensitive, but the case will be preserved on the node status display. Amateur radio operators are required to identify all transmitting stations. The AREDN |trade| node name is beaconed automatically by the node every five minutes, so the node name must contain your callsign. Recommended names follow the (callsign)-(label) format, such as AD5BC-MOBILE or AD5BC-120SE. As a general rule node names should be kept as short as possible, while clearly and uniquely identifying the node.
Password
Set a new administration password for the node with username 'root'. Typically passwords may contain the characters ``a-z``, ``A-Z``, ``0-9``, period ``.``, dash ``-``, underscore ``_``, exclamation ``!``, and tilde ``~``. Avoid linux-reserved characters, including but not limited to ``#``, ``$``, ``&``, ``*``, ``<``, ``>``. Enter your new password again in the *Retype Password* box to verify it is correct. You can click the *eye* icon at the right of the password fields to toggle between hidden and visible text. The first time a node is configured it will require you to change the password. Be sure to remember or record the new password so you can use it for any future administrative tasks on the node.
After providing the new node name and password, click the *Save & Reboot* button. Once your node reboots it will have an IP address in the 10.x.x.x range, so you should set your computer to use `DHCP <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol>`_ to obtain a new IP address from your node. You may need to disconnect/reconnect or disable/enable your computer's Ethernet interface so that it connects using the new IP address. You can open a web browser and enter ``http://localnode.local.mesh`` or ``http://<your-nodename>.local.mesh`` to view the node status page, as shown below.
.. image:: _images/basic-node-status.png
:alt: Node status
:align: center

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@ -2,44 +2,70 @@
Node Status Display
===================
Once you have completed the initial setup on your AREDN |trade| node, you can connect your computer to the LAN port on the :abbr:`PoE (Power over Ethernet)` and navigate to the following URL: ``http://localnode.local.mesh``. You will be redirected to the **Node Status** page as shown below.
Once you have completed the initial setup on your AREDN |trade| node, you can connect your computer to a LAN port on the device or the :abbr:`PoE (Power over Ethernet)` and use a web browser to navigate to the node status page.
``http://localnode.local.mesh`` or ``http://<your-nodename>.local.mesh``
.. image:: _images/node-status.png
:alt: Node Status
.. image:: _images/node-status-columns.png
:alt: Node Status display
:align: center
|
This display consists of a top bar, a left side bar, and three columns of information about your node.
Below the node name bar there are several controls.
Top Nav Bar
-----------
Help
Opens a new window or tab to display the node help page.
From left to right, after the AREDN |trade| logo, the node name is displayed. At the far right is an icon indicating that you are viewing the page as a normal user. |icon1|
Refresh
Updates the Node Status page with current data.
Left Nav Bar
------------
Mesh Status
Opens the **Mesh Status** page showing the neighbor nodes and remote nodes visible on the mesh network, as well as what services are being provided by those nodes.
Using the icons on the left side bar you can navigate to various displays.
WiFi Scan
Displays a list of other 802.11 signals within range of your node. The 802.11 signals may include Access Points, neighbor nodes, and other mesh networks (foreign ad-hoc networks). WiFi Scan is described in more detail below.
|icon2| navigates to this node status display.
Setup
Navigates to the **Setup** pages for your node. You will need to supply a username and password to access those pages. The username is always ``root``, while the password is the one you set during initial node setup. If the node has not yet been configured, the password is ``hsmm``.
|icon3| navigates to the local Mesh Status page showing the nodes visible on the local mesh network, as well as what services are being provided by those nodes.
Select Theme
AREDN |trade| firmware has several built-in display themes. The default ``aredn`` theme has a gray background with black and red text. The ``black_on_white`` theme is often chosen because it provides the best screen contrast on a computer exposed to direct sunlight. ``red_on_black`` is much better suited for nighttime use since it helps preserve night vision.
|icon4| navigates to the Cloud Mesh view through the Supernode network (if available).
Left Column
-----------
Several sections of node information are presented here (listed from top to bottom).
Node Description
This is not a required field, but it is a good place to describe the features or function of this device. Many operators use this field to list their contact information, the radio model and antenna specifications, or the tactical purpose for the node. There are no character restrictions in the field, but the maximum length allowed is 210 characters.
Node Time, Uptime, Load Average, and Free Memory
The node time is displayed, as well as the uptime, which is the time since the last reboot. If an Internet connection or a local :abbr:`NTP (Network Time Protocol)` server is available, your node's NTP client will sync its time with that time source. The load average is the average number of processes that have been running on the node for the last 1, 5, and 15 minutes. Free flash and free ram shows how much storage space is remaining on your node. *flash* is the internal non-volatile storage where the operating system, configuration files, and software packages are kept. *ram* is the amount of :abbr:`RAM (Random Access Memory)` available for running processes on the node.
Firmware Information
This displays the node's current firmware version. A badge on the right indicates the status of the firmware.
Network Information
The Mesh IP address/netmask is displayed using `CIDR <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing>`_ notation, followed by the LAN IP address/netmask. If the WAN interface is enabled, the WAN IP address/netmask is displayed along with whether this address was obtained via `DHCP <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol>`_ or assigned as a static IP address. The WAN gateway IP address is also displayed along with the IP(s) of the WAN `DNS servers <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System>`_.
Node Location Information
At the bottom of the left column is the node location information. If the latitude, longitude, and grid square have been entered for this node, a thumbnail map is displayed showing its location and coordinates.
Center Column
-------------
Right Column
------------
The right column displays additional information about your node.
Radio Information
Your radio manufacturer and model are displayed at the top of the column. Next is the channel number and the frequency range which is set on your radio.
Node Settings Summary
---------------------
The area under the control buttons shows both configuration and network status information. The left column contains the IP address and gateway details for the network interfaces on this node, as well as the SSID, channel, channel width, and frequency range if Mesh is enabled. If WAN Wifi Client is enabled it will also show the SSID and signal strength to the connected Access Point. If LAN AP is enabled then the LAN AP SSID will also be displayed.
The right column contains the Signal Strength readings and other attributes of your node. The **signal / noise / ratio** shows the strongest neighbor signal strength in :abbr:`dBm (decibels relative to one milliwatt)` from all connected stations, and it is available only when the node is connected to a neighbor node via :abbr:`RF (Radio Frequency)`. Click these links for further information about `Signal to Noise Ratio <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio>`_ and values measured in `decibels <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel>`_. There are many factors that impact the network throughput you can expect to achieve, but as a general rule the higher the Signal-to-Noise ratio the better the throughput for your RF links.
Below the Signal Strength readings are the node's **firmware version**, hardware **model**, and **antenna** info. The **system time** is displayed, as well as the **uptime**, which is the time since the last reboot. If an Internet connection or a local :abbr:`NTP (Network Time Protocol)` server is available, your node's NTP client will sync its time with that time source.
The **load average** is the average number of processes that have been running on the node for the last 1, 5, and 15 minutes. **available space** tells you how much storage space is remaining on your node. *flash* is the internal non-volatile storage where the operating system, configuration files, and software packages are kept. *memory* is the amount of :abbr:`RAM (Random Access Memory)` available for running processes on the node. **host entries** shows the total number of devices seen on the network, and the total includes the AREDN |trade| nodes as well as any other networked devices such as computers, VoIP phones, PBX devices, cameras, and other hosts.
Below the Signal Strength readings are the node's **firmware version**, hardware **model**, and **antenna** info. **host entries** shows the total number of devices seen on the network, and the total includes the AREDN |trade| nodes as well as any other networked devices such as computers, VoIP phones, PBX devices, cameras, and other hosts.
Signal Charts
-------------
@ -104,3 +130,80 @@ AREDN |trade| Alert Messages are displayed in a yellow banner on a node's status
:align: center
Mesh nodes without Internet access also have the ability to display *Local Alerts*. The process for setting up a local message repository is described in the **Configuration Deep Dive** section, which allows node owners to decide whether to opt in to receive local messages on each of their nodes. If a node has Internet access as well as local messages, then both types of messages will be displayed in the AREDN |trade| alerts banner as shown in the example above. There is also a web front-end application created by Gerard Hickey (WT0F) which runs directly on a node having adequate storage. You can find out more about this application in the **Applications and Services Guide** under the *Other Services* section.
------------------------
Channel and Channel Width
Nodes communicate only with other nodes that use the same SSID, channel and channel width. You can determine the correct settings by talking with other local node operators to find out which settings are required for joining their networks.
See the **Configuration Deep Dive** section for more information about these and other settings in the *Mesh* column.
Power & Distance Settings
If you have *Link Quality Manager* disabled, you will see the *Power & Distance* settings.
- Use the dropdown list to select the maximum output power for this device. Remember that amateur operators are required to use the minimum power necessary to make contact with other stations.
- Use the slider to select the maximum distance you estimate between your node and other neighboring nodes. The default value is *zero* which tells the node to automatically determine the correct distance value to the farthest neighbor node.
- Some devices have max power levels that change depending on the channel or frequency being used, and in that case the max level may change when you save the settings. The output power will be capped at the max level supported by the hardware for that frequency.
Power & Link Quality Settings
If you have *Link Quality Manager* enabled, you will see the *Power & Link Quality* settings.
- Use the dropdown list to select the maximum output power for this device. Remember that amateur operators are required to use the minimum power necessary to make contact with other stations.
- *Max Distance* is the maximum distance between nodes at which you can expect to achieve a usable radio link. The default value is 50 miles / 80 kilometers, but you can adjust this setting if your node is only able to maintain a usable radio link with nearby nodes.
- *Min SNR* is the minimum Signal-to-Noise ratio that you require in order to reliably pass data between nodes. The default is 15 dB, but you can lower this value if you require your node to continue passing data even on links that have reduced signal characteristics.
- *Min Quality* is the minimum Link Quality required in order to reliably pass data between nodes. This is calculated as the moving average of total sent packets over total sent packets plus retransmissions. For example, if the node had to send every packet twice for it to be successfully received, the link quality would be 50%.
Once you have entered, applied, and verified that your node settings are correct, click the **Save Changes** button. Your node will record the new configuration settings and automatically reboot.
Location Settings
In this section you can enter your node's latitude and longitude, as well as the grid square designator. The values should be in decimal format (for example, 30.5432 and -95.1234). The node location settings are optional, but if you have *Link Quality Manager* enabled then the location becomes important for calculating the distance between linked nodes.
.. image:: _images/basic-location.png
:alt: Optional Settings - Location
:align: center
There are several options for setting your node's location:
- If you are using a location-aware web browser, you can click the **Find Me** button to populate the latitude/longitude fields. This works well if you are viewing the *Basic Settings* page on a mobile device with built-in GPS.
- If your node has an Internet connection available, the **Show Map** and **Upload Data to AREDN Servers** buttons will become active. The **Show Map** button will display a map that allows you to click the position where your node is located or to drag an existing location marker to a different spot on the map. Both of these actions will automatically update the latitude/longitude fields on the page.
- The **Upload Data to AREDN Servers** button will send your node information to an AREDN |trade| server on the Internet. By submitting this information you are agreeing to allow AREDN |trade| to publish your node location on a public mapping service and utilize the information for other purposes such as statistical analysis. No sensitive data such as passwords are sent to the AREDN |trade| servers. If you wish to remove your node location from the public mapping service, simply clear or erase your latitude/longitude values, click *Apply Location Settings* and then *Upload Data to AREDN Servers*.
- **Antenna** information can also be entered for your node. The antenna type itself may be automatically populated based on your radio model. You may also enter the following deployment characteristics of your antenna: *Azimuth*, *Elevation* (up/down tilt), and *Height* (above ground level). Some values may not apply, such as azimuth and elevation if your node has an omnidirectional antenna.
- Click the **Apply Location Settings** button after entering new location information on this page. The new settings become active without clicking the *Save Changes* button.
Timezone and NTP Server
Here you select the timezone for your node's system clock, and the default value is ``UTC``. You can also enter the hostname for a `Network Time Protocol (NTP) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol>`_ source if your node is connected to a network which has a network time server. In the *NTP Server* field you should enter a valid hostname for the network time source, for example ``us.pool.ntp.org`` or ``AD5BC-ntp.local.mesh``. You may also choose how often NTP will update the node's clock by selecting a value from the dropdown list. The default is once per day [``daily``] but you may also select once per hour [``hourly``].
.. image:: _images/basic-time.png
:alt: Optional Settings - Time
:align: center
If your node is unable to connect to the NTP server specified here then it will briefly search for another NTP service which might be defined on your local mesh network. The node hosting that service must enter its Advertised Service with "NTP" as part of the service name. The protocol should be set to "ntp://", the hostname should point to the host providing the service, and the port should be set to "123", the standard NTP port. For example, ``ntp://ab7pa-box2.local.mesh:123`` would identify the NTP server portion of the Advertised Service. See the **Configuration Deep Dive** section for additional information about Advertised Services.
-------------------
.. |icon1| image:: _images/account-outline-custom.png
:alt: Normal user account view
.. |icon2| image:: _images/information-outline-custom.png
:alt: Node Information
.. |icon3| image:: _images/grid-custom.png
:alt: Mesh View
.. |icon4| image:: _images/cloud-arrow-right-outline-custom.png
:alt: Cloud Mesh View
.. |icon5| image:: _images/tools-custom.png
:alt: Admin Tools

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@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ If you would like to see the documentation for a specific AREDN |trade| release,
arednGettingStarted/selecting_devices
arednGettingStarted/downloading_firmware
arednGettingStarted/installing_firmware
arednGettingStarted/basic_setup
arednGettingStarted/firstboot_setup
arednGettingStarted/node_status
arednGettingStarted/mesh_status
arednGettingStarted/advanced_config