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<div class="section" id="using-reticulum-on-your-system">
<span id="using-main"></span><h1>Using Reticulum on Your System<a class="headerlink" href="#using-reticulum-on-your-system" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Reticulum is not installed as a driver or kernel module, as one might expect
of a networking stack. Instead, Reticulum is distributed as a Python module.
This means that no special privileges are required to install or use it. It
is also very light-weight, and easy to transfer to and install on new systems.
Any program or application that uses Reticulum will automatically load and
initialise Reticulum when it starts.</p>
<p>In many cases, this approach is sufficient. When any program needs to use
Reticulum, it is loaded, initialised, interfaces are brought up, and the
program can now communicate over any Reticulum networks available. If another
program starts up and also wants access to the same Reticulum network, the
instance is simply shared. This works for any number of programs running
concurrently, and is very easy to use, but depending on your use case, there
are other options.</p>
<div class="section" id="configuration-data">
<h2>Configuration &amp; Data<a class="headerlink" href="#configuration-data" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>A Reticulum stores all information that it needs to function in a single file-
system directory. By default, this directory is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.reticulum</span></code>, but you can
use any directory you wish. You can also run multiple separate Reticulum
instances on the same physical system, in complete isolation from each other,
or connected together.</p>
<p>In most cases, a single physical system will only need to run one Reticulum
instance. This can either be launched at boot, as a system service, or simply
be brought up when a program needs it. In either case, any number of programs
running on the same system will automatically share the same Reticulum instance,
if the configuration allows for it, which it does by default.</p>
<p>The entire configuration of Reticulum is found in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.reticulum/config</span></code>
file. When Reticulum is first started on a new system, a basic, functional
configuration file is created. The default configuration looks like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># This is the default Reticulum config file.</span>
<span class="c1"># You should probably edit it to include any additional,</span>
<span class="c1"># interfaces and settings you might need.</span>
<span class="c1"># Only the most basic options are included in this default</span>
<span class="c1"># configuration. To see a more verbose, and much longer,</span>
<span class="c1"># configuration example, you can run the command:</span>
<span class="c1"># rnsd --exampleconfig</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">reticulum</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># If you enable Transport, your system will route traffic</span>
<span class="c1"># for other peers, pass announces and serve path requests.</span>
<span class="c1"># This should only be done for systems that are suited to</span>
<span class="c1"># act as transport nodes, ie. if they are stationary and</span>
<span class="c1"># always-on. This directive is optional and can be removed</span>
<span class="c1"># for brevity.</span>
<span class="n">enable_transport</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="c1"># By default, the first program to launch the Reticulum</span>
<span class="c1"># Network Stack will create a shared instance, that other</span>
<span class="c1"># programs can communicate with. Only the shared instance</span>
<span class="c1"># opens all the configured interfaces directly, and other</span>
<span class="c1"># local programs communicate with the shared instance over</span>
<span class="c1"># a local socket. This is completely transparent to the</span>
<span class="c1"># user, and should generally be turned on. This directive</span>
<span class="c1"># is optional and can be removed for brevity.</span>
<span class="n">share_instance</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Yes</span>
<span class="c1"># If you want to run multiple *different* shared instances</span>
<span class="c1"># on the same system, you will need to specify different</span>
<span class="c1"># shared instance ports for each. The defaults are given</span>
<span class="c1"># below, and again, these options can be left out if you</span>
<span class="c1"># don&#39;t need them.</span>
<span class="n">shared_instance_port</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">37428</span>
<span class="n">instance_control_port</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">37429</span>
<span class="c1"># You can configure Reticulum to panic and forcibly close</span>
<span class="c1"># if an unrecoverable interface error occurs, such as the</span>
<span class="c1"># hardware device for an interface disappearing. This is</span>
<span class="c1"># an optional directive, and can be left out for brevity.</span>
<span class="c1"># This behaviour is disabled by default.</span>
<span class="n">panic_on_interface_error</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">No</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">logging</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># Valid log levels are 0 through 7:</span>
<span class="c1"># 0: Log only critical information</span>
<span class="c1"># 1: Log errors and lower log levels</span>
<span class="c1"># 2: Log warnings and lower log levels</span>
<span class="c1"># 3: Log notices and lower log levels</span>
<span class="c1"># 4: Log info and lower (this is the default)</span>
<span class="c1"># 5: Verbose logging</span>
<span class="c1"># 6: Debug logging</span>
<span class="c1"># 7: Extreme logging</span>
<span class="n">loglevel</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="c1"># The interfaces section defines the physical and virtual</span>
<span class="c1"># interfaces Reticulum will use to communicate on. This</span>
<span class="c1"># section will contain examples for a variety of interface</span>
<span class="c1"># types. You can modify these or use them as a basis for</span>
<span class="c1"># your own config, or simply remove the unused ones.</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">interfaces</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># This interface enables communication with other</span>
<span class="c1"># link-local Reticulum nodes over UDP. It does not</span>
<span class="c1"># need any functional IP infrastructure like routers</span>
<span class="c1"># or DHCP servers, but will require that at least link-</span>
<span class="c1"># local IPv6 is enabled in your operating system, which</span>
<span class="c1"># should be enabled by default in almost any OS. See</span>
<span class="c1"># the Reticulum Manual for more configuration options.</span>
<span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">Default</span> <span class="n">Interface</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<span class="nb">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AutoInterface</span>
<span class="n">interface_enabled</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If Reticulum infrastructure already exists locally, you probably don’t need to
change anything, and you may already be connected to a wider network. If not,
you will probably need to add relevant <em>interfaces</em> to the configuration, in
order to communicate with other systems. It is a good idea to read the comments
and explanations in the above default config. It will teach you the basic
concepts you need to understand to configure your network. Once you have done that,
take a look at the <a class="reference internal" href="interfaces.html#interfaces-main"><span class="std std-ref">Interfaces</span></a> chapter of this manual.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="included-utility-programs">
<h2>Included Utility Programs<a class="headerlink" href="#included-utility-programs" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>If you often use Reticulum from several different programs, or simply want
Reticulum to stay available all the time, for example if you are hosting
a transport node, you might want to run Reticulum as a separate service that
other programs, applications and services can utilise.</p>
<div class="section" id="the-rnsd-utility">
<h3>The rnsd Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnsd-utility" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>It is very easy to run Reticulum as a service. Simply run the included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> command.
When <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> is running, it will keep all configured interfaces open, handle transport if
it is enabled, and allow any other programs to immediately utilise the
Reticulum network it is configured for.</p>
<p>You can even run multiple instances of rnsd with different configurations on
the same system.</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># Install Reticulum
pip3 install rns
# Run rnsd
rnsd
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnsd [-h] [--config CONFIG] [-v] [-q] [--version]
Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
-v, --verbose
-q, --quiet
--version show program&#39;s version number and exit
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can easily add <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> as an always-on service by <a class="reference internal" href="#using-systemd"><span class="std std-ref">configuring a service</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-rnstatus-utility">
<h3>The rnstatus Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnstatus-utility" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnstatus</span></code> utility, you can view the status of configured Reticulum
interfaces, similar to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ifconfig</span></code> program.</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># Run rnstatus
rnstatus
# Example output
Shared Instance[37428]
Status : Up
Serving : 1 program
Rate : 1.00 Gbps
Traffic : 83.13 KB↑
86.10 KB↓
AutoInterface[Local]
Status : Up
Mode : Full
Rate : 10.00 Mbps
Peers : 1 reachable
Traffic : 63.23 KB↑
80.17 KB↓
TCPInterface[RNS Testnet Frankfurt/frankfurt.rns.unsigned.io:4965]
Status : Up
Mode : Full
Rate : 10.00 Mbps
Traffic : 187.27 KB↑
74.17 KB↓
RNodeInterface[RNode UHF]
Status : Up
Mode : Access Point
Rate : 1.30 kbps
Access : 64-bit IFAC by &lt;…e702c42ba8&gt;
Traffic : 8.49 KB↑
9.23 KB↓
Reticulum Transport Instance &lt;5245a8efe1788c6a70e1&gt; running
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnstatus [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-a] [-v]
Reticulum Network Stack Status
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
--version show program&#39;s version number and exit
-a, --all show all interfaces
-v, --verbose
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-rnpath-utility">
<h3>The rnpath Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnpath-utility" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>With the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnpath</span></code> utility, you can look up and view paths for
destinations on the Reticulum network.</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># Run rnpath
rnpath eca6f4e4dc26ae329e61
# Example output
Path found, destination &lt;eca6f4e4dc26ae329e61&gt; is 4 hops away via &lt;56b115c30cd386cad69c&gt; on TCPInterface[Testnet/frankfurt.rns.unsigned.io:4965]
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnpath.py [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-t] [-r] [-d] [-D] [-w seconds] [-v] [destination]
Reticulum Path Discovery Utility
positional arguments:
destination hexadecimal hash of the destination
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
--version show program&#39;s version number and exit
-t, --table show all known paths
-r, --rates show announce rate info
-d, --drop remove the path to a destination
-D, --drop-announces drop all queued announces
-w seconds timeout before giving up
-v, --verbose
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-rnprobe-utility">
<h3>The rnprobe Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnprobe-utility" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnprobe</span></code> utility lets you probe a destination for connectivity, similar
to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ping</span></code> program. Please note that probes will only be answered if the
specified destination is configured to send proofs for received packets. Many
destinations will not have this option enabled, and will not be probable.</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># Run rnprobe
python3 -m RNS.Utilities.rnprobe example_utilities.echo.request 9382f334de63217a4278
# Example output
Sent 16 byte probe to &lt;9382f334de63217a4278&gt;
Valid reply received from &lt;9382f334de63217a4278&gt;
Round-trip time is 38.469 milliseconds over 2 hops
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnprobe.py [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-v] [full_name] [destination_hash]
Reticulum Probe Utility
positional arguments:
full_name full destination name in dotted notation
destination_hash hexadecimal hash of the destination
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
--version show program&#39;s version number and exit
-v, --verbose
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="improving-system-configuration">
<h2>Improving System Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#improving-system-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>If you are setting up a system for permanent use with Reticulum, there is a
few system configuration changes that can make this easier to administrate.
These changes will be detailed here.</p>
<div class="section" id="fixed-serial-port-names">
<h3>Fixed Serial Port Names<a class="headerlink" href="#fixed-serial-port-names" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>On a Reticulum instance with several serial port based interfaces, it can be
beneficial to use the fixed device names for the serial ports, instead
of the dynamically allocated shorthands such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/ttyUSB0</span></code>. Under most
Debian-based distributions, including Ubuntu and Raspberry Pi OS, these nodes
can be found under <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/serial/by-id</span></code>.</p>
<p>You can use such a device path directly in place of the numbered shorthands.
Here is an example of a packet radio TNC configured as such:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[Packet Radio KISS Interface]]
type = KISSInterface
interface_enabled = True
outgoing = true
port = /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_FT230X_Basic_UART_43891CKM-if00-port0
speed = 115200
databits = 8
parity = none
stopbits = 1
preamble = 150
txtail = 10
persistence = 200
slottime = 20
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Using this methodology avoids potential naming mix-ups where physical devices
might be plugged and unplugged in different orders, or when device name
assignment varies from one boot to another.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="reticulum-as-a-system-service">
<span id="using-systemd"></span><h3>Reticulum as a System Service<a class="headerlink" href="#reticulum-as-a-system-service" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Instead of starting Reticulum manually, you can install <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> as a system
service and have it start automatically at boot.</p>
<p>If you installed Reticulum with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code>, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> program will most likely
be located in a user-local installation path only, which means <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">systemd</span></code> will not
be able to execute it. In this case, you can simply symlink the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> program
into a directory that is in systemd’s path:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo ln -s $(which rnsd) /usr/local/bin/
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can then create the service file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/systemd/system/rnsd.service</span></code> with the
following content:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[Unit]
Description=Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
After=multi-user.target
[Service]
# If you run Reticulum on WiFi devices,
# or other devices that need some extra
# time to initialise, you might want to
# add a short delay before Reticulum is
# started by systemd:
# ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 10
Type=simple
Restart=always
RestartSec=3
User=USERNAMEHERE
ExecStart=rnsd --service
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Be sure to replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">USERNAMEHERE</span></code> with the user you want to run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> as.</p>
<p>To manually start <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> run:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo systemctl start rnsd
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you want to automatically start <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> at boot, run:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo systemctl enable rnsd
</pre></div>
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<h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Using Reticulum on Your System</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuration-data">Configuration &amp; Data</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#included-utility-programs">Included Utility Programs</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnsd-utility">The rnsd Utility</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnstatus-utility">The rnstatus Utility</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnpath-utility">The rnpath Utility</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnprobe-utility">The rnprobe Utility</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#improving-system-configuration">Improving System Configuration</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fixed-serial-port-names">Fixed Serial Port Names</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#reticulum-as-a-system-service">Reticulum as a System Service</a></li>
</ul>
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</ul>
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