443 lines
14 KiB
ReStructuredText
443 lines
14 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _using-main:
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******************************
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Using Reticulum on Your System
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******************************
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Reticulum is not installed as a driver or kernel module, as one might expect
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of a networking stack. Instead, Reticulum is distributed as a Python module.
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This means that no special privileges are required to install or use it. It
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is also very light-weight, and easy to transfer to and install on new systems.
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Any program or application that uses Reticulum will automatically load and
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initialise Reticulum when it starts.
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In many cases, this approach is sufficient. When any program needs to use
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Reticulum, it is loaded, initialised, interfaces are brought up, and the
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program can now communicate over any Reticulum networks available. If another
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program starts up and also wants access to the same Reticulum network, the
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instance is simply shared. This works for any number of programs running
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concurrently, and is very easy to use, but depending on your use case, there
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are other options.
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Configuration & Data
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--------------------
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A Reticulum stores all information that it needs to function in a single file-
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system directory. By default, this directory is ``~/.reticulum``, but you can
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use any directory you wish. You can also run multiple separate Reticulum
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instances on the same physical system, in complete isolation from each other,
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or connected together.
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In most cases, a single physical system will only need to run one Reticulum
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instance. This can either be launched at boot, as a system service, or simply
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be brought up when a program needs it. In either case, any number of programs
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running on the same system will automatically share the same Reticulum instance,
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if the configuration allows for it, which it does by default.
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The entire configuration of Reticulum is found in the ``~/.reticulum/config``
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file. When Reticulum is first started on a new system, a basic, functional
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configuration file is created. The default configuration looks like this:
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.. code::
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# This is the default Reticulum config file.
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# You should probably edit it to include any additional,
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# interfaces and settings you might need.
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# Only the most basic options are included in this default
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# configuration. To see a more verbose, and much longer,
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# configuration example, you can run the command:
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# rnsd --exampleconfig
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[reticulum]
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# If you enable Transport, your system will route traffic
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# for other peers, pass announces and serve path requests.
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# This should only be done for systems that are suited to
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# act as transport nodes, ie. if they are stationary and
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# always-on. This directive is optional and can be removed
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# for brevity.
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enable_transport = False
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# By default, the first program to launch the Reticulum
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# Network Stack will create a shared instance, that other
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# programs can communicate with. Only the shared instance
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# opens all the configured interfaces directly, and other
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# local programs communicate with the shared instance over
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# a local socket. This is completely transparent to the
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# user, and should generally be turned on. This directive
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# is optional and can be removed for brevity.
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share_instance = Yes
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# If you want to run multiple *different* shared instances
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# on the same system, you will need to specify different
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# shared instance ports for each. The defaults are given
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# below, and again, these options can be left out if you
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# don't need them.
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shared_instance_port = 37428
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instance_control_port = 37429
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# You can configure Reticulum to panic and forcibly close
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# if an unrecoverable interface error occurs, such as the
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# hardware device for an interface disappearing. This is
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# an optional directive, and can be left out for brevity.
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# This behaviour is disabled by default.
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panic_on_interface_error = No
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[logging]
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# Valid log levels are 0 through 7:
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# 0: Log only critical information
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# 1: Log errors and lower log levels
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# 2: Log warnings and lower log levels
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# 3: Log notices and lower log levels
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# 4: Log info and lower (this is the default)
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# 5: Verbose logging
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# 6: Debug logging
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# 7: Extreme logging
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loglevel = 4
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# The interfaces section defines the physical and virtual
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# interfaces Reticulum will use to communicate on. This
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# section will contain examples for a variety of interface
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# types. You can modify these or use them as a basis for
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# your own config, or simply remove the unused ones.
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[interfaces]
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# This interface enables communication with other
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# link-local Reticulum nodes over UDP. It does not
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# need any functional IP infrastructure like routers
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# or DHCP servers, but will require that at least link-
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# local IPv6 is enabled in your operating system, which
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# should be enabled by default in almost any OS. See
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# the Reticulum Manual for more configuration options.
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[[Default Interface]]
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type = AutoInterface
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interface_enabled = True
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If Reticulum infrastructure already exists locally, you probably don't need to
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change anything, and you may already be connected to a wider network. If not,
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you will probably need to add relevant *interfaces* to the configuration, in
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order to communicate with other systems. It is a good idea to read the comments
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and explanations in the above default config. It will teach you the basic
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concepts you need to understand to configure your network. Once you have done that,
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take a look at the :ref:`Interfaces<interfaces-main>` chapter of this manual.
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Included Utility Programs
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-------------------------
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If you often use Reticulum from several different programs, or simply want
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Reticulum to stay available all the time, for example if you are hosting
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a transport node, you might want to run Reticulum as a separate service that
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other programs, applications and services can utilise.
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The rnsd Utility
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================
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It is very easy to run Reticulum as a service. Simply run the included ``rnsd`` command.
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When ``rnsd`` is running, it will keep all configured interfaces open, handle transport if
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it is enabled, and allow any other programs to immediately utilise the
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Reticulum network it is configured for.
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You can even run multiple instances of rnsd with different configurations on
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the same system.
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.. code:: text
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# Install Reticulum
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pip3 install rns
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# Run rnsd
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rnsd
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.. code:: text
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usage: rnsd [-h] [--config CONFIG] [-v] [-q] [--version]
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Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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-v, --verbose
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-q, --quiet
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--version show program's version number and exit
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You can easily add ``rnsd`` as an always-on service by :ref:`configuring a service<using-systemd>`.
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The rnstatus Utility
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====================
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Using the ``rnstatus`` utility, you can view the status of configured Reticulum
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interfaces, similar to the ``ifconfig`` program.
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.. code:: text
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# Run rnstatus
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rnstatus
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# Example output
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Shared Instance[37428]
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Status : Up
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Serving : 1 program
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Rate : 1.00 Gbps
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Traffic : 83.13 KB↑
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86.10 KB↓
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AutoInterface[Local]
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Status : Up
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Mode : Full
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Rate : 10.00 Mbps
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Peers : 1 reachable
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Traffic : 63.23 KB↑
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80.17 KB↓
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TCPInterface[RNS Testnet Frankfurt/frankfurt.rns.unsigned.io:4965]
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Status : Up
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Mode : Full
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Rate : 10.00 Mbps
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Traffic : 187.27 KB↑
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74.17 KB↓
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RNodeInterface[RNode UHF]
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Status : Up
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Mode : Access Point
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Rate : 1.30 kbps
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Access : 64-bit IFAC by <…e702c42ba8>
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Traffic : 8.49 KB↑
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9.23 KB↓
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Reticulum Transport Instance <5245a8efe1788c6a70e1> running
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.. code:: text
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usage: rnstatus [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-a] [-v]
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Reticulum Network Stack Status
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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--version show program's version number and exit
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-a, --all show all interfaces
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-v, --verbose
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The rnpath Utility
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====================
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With the ``rnpath`` utility, you can look up and view paths for
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destinations on the Reticulum network.
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.. code:: text
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# Run rnpath
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rnpath eca6f4e4dc26ae329e61
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# Example output
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Path found, destination <eca6f4e4dc26ae329e61> is 4 hops away via <56b115c30cd386cad69c> on TCPInterface[Testnet/frankfurt.rns.unsigned.io:4965]
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.. code:: text
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usage: rnpath [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-t] [-r] [-d] [-D] [-w seconds] [-v] [destination]
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Reticulum Path Discovery Utility
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positional arguments:
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destination hexadecimal hash of the destination
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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--version show program's version number and exit
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-t, --table show all known paths
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-r, --rates show announce rate info
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-d, --drop remove the path to a destination
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-D, --drop-announces drop all queued announces
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-w seconds timeout before giving up
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-v, --verbose
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The rnprobe Utility
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====================
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The ``rnprobe`` utility lets you probe a destination for connectivity, similar
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to the ``ping`` program. Please note that probes will only be answered if the
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specified destination is configured to send proofs for received packets. Many
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destinations will not have this option enabled, and will not be probable.
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.. code:: text
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# Run rnprobe
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rnprobe example_utilities.echo.request 9382f334de63217a4278
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# Example output
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Sent 16 byte probe to <9382f334de63217a4278>
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Valid reply received from <9382f334de63217a4278>
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Round-trip time is 38.469 milliseconds over 2 hops
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.. code:: text
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usage: rnprobe [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-v] [full_name] [destination_hash]
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Reticulum Probe Utility
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positional arguments:
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full_name full destination name in dotted notation
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destination_hash hexadecimal hash of the destination
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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--version show program's version number and exit
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-v, --verbose
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The rncp Utility
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================
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The ``rncp`` utility is a simple file transfer tool. Using it, you can transfer
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files through Reticulum.
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.. code:: text
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# Run rncp on the receiving system, specifying which identities
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# are allowed to send files.
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rncp --receive --allow 940ea3f9e1037d38758f --allow e28d5aee4317c24a9041
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# From another system, copy a file to the receiving system
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rncp ~/path/to/file.tgz 256320d405d6d525d1e9
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You can specify as many allowed senders as needed, or complete disable authentication.
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.. code:: text
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usage: rncp.py [-h] [--config path] [-v] [-q] [-i] [-r] [-b] [-a ALLOW] [-n] [-w seconds] [--version] [file] [destination]
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Reticulum File Transfer Utility
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positional arguments:
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file file to be transferred
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destination hexadecimal hash of the receiver
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config path path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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-v, --verbose increase verbosity
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-q, --quiet decrease verbosity
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-i, --identity print identity and destination info and exit
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-r, --receive wait for incoming files
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-b, --no-announce don't announce at program start
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-a allowed_hash accept from this identity
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-n, --no-auth accept files from anyone
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-w seconds sender timeout before giving up
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--version show program's version number and exit
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Improving System Configuration
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------------------------------
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If you are setting up a system for permanent use with Reticulum, there is a
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few system configuration changes that can make this easier to administrate.
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These changes will be detailed here.
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Fixed Serial Port Names
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=======================
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On a Reticulum instance with several serial port based interfaces, it can be
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beneficial to use the fixed device names for the serial ports, instead
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of the dynamically allocated shorthands such as ``/dev/ttyUSB0``. Under most
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Debian-based distributions, including Ubuntu and Raspberry Pi OS, these nodes
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can be found under ``/dev/serial/by-id``.
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You can use such a device path directly in place of the numbered shorthands.
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Here is an example of a packet radio TNC configured as such:
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.. code:: text
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[[Packet Radio KISS Interface]]
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type = KISSInterface
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interface_enabled = True
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outgoing = true
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port = /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_FT230X_Basic_UART_43891CKM-if00-port0
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speed = 115200
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databits = 8
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parity = none
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stopbits = 1
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preamble = 150
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txtail = 10
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persistence = 200
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slottime = 20
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Using this methodology avoids potential naming mix-ups where physical devices
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might be plugged and unplugged in different orders, or when device name
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assignment varies from one boot to another.
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.. _using-systemd:
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Reticulum as a System Service
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=============================
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Instead of starting Reticulum manually, you can install ``rnsd`` as a system
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service and have it start automatically at boot.
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If you installed Reticulum with ``pip``, the ``rnsd`` program will most likely
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be located in a user-local installation path only, which means ``systemd`` will not
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be able to execute it. In this case, you can simply symlink the ``rnsd`` program
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into a directory that is in systemd's path:
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.. code:: text
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sudo ln -s $(which rnsd) /usr/local/bin/
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You can then create the service file ``/etc/systemd/system/rnsd.service`` with the
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following content:
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.. code:: text
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[Unit]
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Description=Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
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After=multi-user.target
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[Service]
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# If you run Reticulum on WiFi devices,
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# or other devices that need some extra
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# time to initialise, you might want to
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# add a short delay before Reticulum is
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# started by systemd:
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# ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 10
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Type=simple
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Restart=always
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RestartSec=3
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User=USERNAMEHERE
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ExecStart=rnsd --service
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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Be sure to replace ``USERNAMEHERE`` with the user you want to run ``rnsd`` as.
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To manually start ``rnsd`` run:
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.. code:: text
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sudo systemctl start rnsd
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If you want to automatically start ``rnsd`` at boot, run:
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.. code:: text
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sudo systemctl enable rnsd |