diff --git a/routers/web/auth/oauth2_provider.go b/routers/web/auth/oauth2_provider.go
index 2ccc4a2253..608f7523b2 100644
--- a/routers/web/auth/oauth2_provider.go
+++ b/routers/web/auth/oauth2_provider.go
@@ -104,7 +104,15 @@ func InfoOAuth(ctx *context.Context) {
 		Picture:           ctx.Doer.AvatarLink(ctx),
 	}
 
-	groups, err := oauth2_provider.GetOAuthGroupsForUser(ctx, ctx.Doer)
+	var accessTokenScope auth.AccessTokenScope
+	if auHead := ctx.Req.Header.Get("Authorization"); auHead != "" {
+		auths := strings.Fields(auHead)
+		if len(auths) == 2 && (auths[0] == "token" || strings.ToLower(auths[0]) == "bearer") {
+			accessTokenScope, _ = auth_service.GetOAuthAccessTokenScopeAndUserID(ctx, auths[1])
+		}
+	}
+	onlyPublicGroups, _ := accessTokenScope.PublicOnly()
+	groups, err := oauth2_provider.GetOAuthGroupsForUser(ctx, ctx.Doer, onlyPublicGroups)
 	if err != nil {
 		ctx.ServerError("Oauth groups for user", err)
 		return
@@ -304,6 +312,9 @@ func AuthorizeOAuth(ctx *context.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// check if additional scopes
+	ctx.Data["AdditionalScopes"] = oauth2_provider.GrantAdditionalScopes(form.Scope) != auth.AccessTokenScopeAll
+
 	// show authorize page to grant access
 	ctx.Data["Application"] = app
 	ctx.Data["RedirectURI"] = form.RedirectURI
diff --git a/services/auth/basic.go b/services/auth/basic.go
index 1f6c3a442d..6a05b2fe53 100644
--- a/services/auth/basic.go
+++ b/services/auth/basic.go
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ func (b *Basic) Verify(req *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter, store DataStore
 		log.Trace("Basic Authorization: Attempting login with username as token")
 	}
 
-	// check oauth2 token
-	uid := CheckOAuthAccessToken(req.Context(), authToken)
+	// get oauth2 token's user's ID
+	_, uid := GetOAuthAccessTokenScopeAndUserID(req.Context(), authToken)
 	if uid != 0 {
 		log.Trace("Basic Authorization: Valid OAuthAccessToken for user[%d]", uid)
 
diff --git a/services/auth/oauth2.go b/services/auth/oauth2.go
index d0aec085b1..56a985bff1 100644
--- a/services/auth/oauth2.go
+++ b/services/auth/oauth2.go
@@ -25,33 +25,35 @@ var (
 	_ Method = &OAuth2{}
 )
 
-// CheckOAuthAccessToken returns uid of user from oauth token
-func CheckOAuthAccessToken(ctx context.Context, accessToken string) int64 {
+// GetOAuthAccessTokenScopeAndUserID returns access token scope and user id
+func GetOAuthAccessTokenScopeAndUserID(ctx context.Context, accessToken string) (auth_model.AccessTokenScope, int64) {
+	var accessTokenScope auth_model.AccessTokenScope
 	if !setting.OAuth2.Enabled {
-		return 0
+		return accessTokenScope, 0
 	}
 
 	// JWT tokens require a ".", if the token isn't like that, return early
 	if !strings.Contains(accessToken, ".") {
-		return 0
+		return accessTokenScope, 0
 	}
 
 	token, err := oauth2_provider.ParseToken(accessToken, oauth2_provider.DefaultSigningKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Trace("oauth2.ParseToken: %v", err)
-		return 0
+		return accessTokenScope, 0
 	}
 	var grant *auth_model.OAuth2Grant
 	if grant, err = auth_model.GetOAuth2GrantByID(ctx, token.GrantID); err != nil || grant == nil {
-		return 0
+		return accessTokenScope, 0
 	}
 	if token.Kind != oauth2_provider.KindAccessToken {
-		return 0
+		return accessTokenScope, 0
 	}
 	if token.ExpiresAt.Before(time.Now()) || token.IssuedAt.After(time.Now()) {
-		return 0
+		return accessTokenScope, 0
 	}
-	return grant.UserID
+	accessTokenScope = oauth2_provider.GrantAdditionalScopes(grant.Scope)
+	return accessTokenScope, grant.UserID
 }
 
 // OAuth2 implements the Auth interface and authenticates requests
@@ -97,10 +99,11 @@ func parseToken(req *http.Request) (string, bool) {
 func (o *OAuth2) userIDFromToken(ctx context.Context, tokenSHA string, store DataStore) int64 {
 	// Let's see if token is valid.
 	if strings.Contains(tokenSHA, ".") {
-		uid := CheckOAuthAccessToken(ctx, tokenSHA)
+		accessTokenScope, uid := GetOAuthAccessTokenScopeAndUserID(ctx, tokenSHA)
+
 		if uid != 0 {
 			store.GetData()["IsApiToken"] = true
-			store.GetData()["ApiTokenScope"] = auth_model.AccessTokenScopeAll // fallback to all
+			store.GetData()["ApiTokenScope"] = accessTokenScope
 		}
 		return uid
 	}
diff --git a/services/oauth2_provider/access_token.go b/services/oauth2_provider/access_token.go
index dd3f24eeef..ea633e4350 100644
--- a/services/oauth2_provider/access_token.go
+++ b/services/oauth2_provider/access_token.go
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ package oauth2_provider //nolint
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
 
 	auth "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/auth"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
@@ -69,6 +71,30 @@ type AccessTokenResponse struct {
 	IDToken      string    `json:"id_token,omitempty"`
 }
 
+// GrantAdditionalScopes returns valid scopes coming from grant
+func GrantAdditionalScopes(grantScopes string) auth.AccessTokenScope {
+	// scopes_supported from templates/user/auth/oidc_wellknown.tmpl
+	scopesSupported := []string{
+		"openid",
+		"profile",
+		"email",
+		"groups",
+	}
+
+	var tokenScopes []string
+	for _, tokenScope := range strings.Split(grantScopes, " ") {
+		if slices.Index(scopesSupported, tokenScope) == -1 {
+			tokenScopes = append(tokenScopes, tokenScope)
+		}
+	}
+
+	accessTokenScope := auth.AccessTokenScope(strings.Join(tokenScopes, ","))
+	if accessTokenWithAdditionalScopes, err := accessTokenScope.Normalize(); err == nil && len(tokenScopes) > 0 {
+		return accessTokenWithAdditionalScopes
+	}
+	return auth.AccessTokenScopeAll
+}
+
 func NewAccessTokenResponse(ctx context.Context, grant *auth.OAuth2Grant, serverKey, clientKey JWTSigningKey) (*AccessTokenResponse, *AccessTokenError) {
 	if setting.OAuth2.InvalidateRefreshTokens {
 		if err := grant.IncreaseCounter(ctx); err != nil {
@@ -161,7 +187,10 @@ func NewAccessTokenResponse(ctx context.Context, grant *auth.OAuth2Grant, server
 			idToken.EmailVerified = user.IsActive
 		}
 		if grant.ScopeContains("groups") {
-			groups, err := GetOAuthGroupsForUser(ctx, user)
+			accessTokenScope := GrantAdditionalScopes(grant.Scope)
+			onlyPublicGroups, _ := accessTokenScope.PublicOnly()
+
+			groups, err := GetOAuthGroupsForUser(ctx, user, onlyPublicGroups)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Error("Error getting groups: %v", err)
 				return nil, &AccessTokenError{
@@ -192,10 +221,10 @@ func NewAccessTokenResponse(ctx context.Context, grant *auth.OAuth2Grant, server
 
 // returns a list of "org" and "org:team" strings,
 // that the given user is a part of.
-func GetOAuthGroupsForUser(ctx context.Context, user *user_model.User) ([]string, error) {
+func GetOAuthGroupsForUser(ctx context.Context, user *user_model.User, onlyPublicGroups bool) ([]string, error) {
 	orgs, err := db.Find[org_model.Organization](ctx, org_model.FindOrgOptions{
 		UserID:         user.ID,
-		IncludePrivate: true,
+		IncludePrivate: !onlyPublicGroups,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetUserOrgList: %w", err)
diff --git a/templates/user/auth/grant.tmpl b/templates/user/auth/grant.tmpl
index a18a3bd27a..c03017c67e 100644
--- a/templates/user/auth/grant.tmpl
+++ b/templates/user/auth/grant.tmpl
@@ -8,8 +8,11 @@
 			<div class="ui attached segment">
 				{{template "base/alert" .}}
 				<p>
+					{{if not .AdditionalScopes}}
 					<b>{{ctx.Locale.Tr "auth.authorize_application_description"}}</b><br>
+					{{end}}
 					{{ctx.Locale.Tr "auth.authorize_application_created_by" .ApplicationCreatorLinkHTML}}
+				<p>{{ctx.Locale.Tr "auth.authorize_application_with_scopes" .Scope}}</p>
 				</p>
 			</div>
 			<div class="ui attached segment">