2468 lines
90 KiB
XML
2468 lines
90 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY appversion "0.18.0">
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<!ENTITY manrevision "1.7">
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<!ENTITY date "February 2014">
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<!ENTITY app "gparted">
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<!ENTITY appname "GParted">
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<!-- Information about the entities:
|
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Use the appversion entity to specify the version of the application.
|
|
Use the manrevision entity to specify the revision number of this manual.
|
|
Use the date entity to specify the release date of this manual.
|
|
Use the app entity to specify the command name of the application.
|
|
Use the appname entity to specify the formal name of the application.
|
|
-->
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]>
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<!-- Remember to update the revision history -->
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<!--
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To generate a single html file of this document, use the command:
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|
xmlto html-nochunks gparted.xml
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To test this document in a viewer, use the command:
|
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gnome-help file:/full-path-to-gparted.xml
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-->
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<!-- ============= Document Header =================================== -->
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<?db.chunk.max_depth 4?>
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<article id="gparted" lang="en">
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<!-- Please do not change the id. -->
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<!-- For translations, change lang to appropriate code -->
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<articleinfo>
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<title>&appname; Manual</title>
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<publisher>
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<publishername>&appname; Project</publishername>
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</publisher>
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|
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<abstract role="description">
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<para>
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&appname; is the Gnome Partition Editor for creating,
|
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reorganizing, and deleting disk partitions.
|
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&appname; enables you to change the partition organization while preserving
|
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the partition contents.
|
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</para>
|
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</abstract>
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|
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<copyright>
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<year>2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</year>
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<holder>Curtis Gedak</holder>
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</copyright>
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<!-- translators: uncomment this:
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<copyright>
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<year>2009</year>
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<holder>ME-THE-TRANSLATOR (Latin translation)</holder>
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</copyright>
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-->
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<legalnotice>
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<para>
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
|
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
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with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
|
|
Texts. You can find a copy of the GFDL at this
|
|
<ulink type="help" url="ghelp:fdl">link</ulink> or at
|
|
<ulink type="http" url="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/fdl.html"/>
|
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or in the file COPYING-DOCS distributed with this manual.
|
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</para>
|
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</legalnotice>
|
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|
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<authorgroup>
|
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<author role="maintainer">
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<firstname>Curtis</firstname>
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<surname>Gedak</surname>
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<affiliation>
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<orgname>&appname; Project</orgname>
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<address>
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<email>gedakc@users.sf.net</email>
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</address>
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</affiliation>
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</author>
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|
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<!-- This is appropriate place for other contributors: translators,
|
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maintainers, etc. Commented out by default.
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<othercredit role="translator">
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<firstname>Latin</firstname>
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<surname>Translator 1</surname>
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<affiliation>
|
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<orgname>Latin Translation Team</orgname>
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<address> <email>translator@gnome.org</email> </address>
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</affiliation>
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<contrib>Latin translation</contrib>
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</othercredit>
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-->
|
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</authorgroup>
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|
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<!-- According to GNU FDL, revision history is mandatory if you are -->
|
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<!-- modifying/reusing someone else's document. If not, you can omit it. -->
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<revhistory>
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<revision>
|
|
<revnumber>&appname; Manual V1.7</revnumber>
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<date>February 2014</date>
|
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<revdescription>
|
|
<para role="author">Curtis Gedak</para>
|
|
<para role="publisher">&appname; Project</para>
|
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<para role="annotations">Describes version 0.18.0 of &appname;</para>
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</revdescription>
|
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>&appname; Manual V1.6</revnumber>
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<date>December 2013</date>
|
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<revdescription>
|
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<para role="author">Curtis Gedak</para>
|
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<para role="publisher">&appname; Project</para>
|
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<para role="annotations">Describes version 0.17.0 of &appname;</para>
|
|
</revdescription>
|
|
</revision>
|
|
<revision>
|
|
<revnumber>&appname; Manual V1.5</revnumber>
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|
<date>September 2013</date>
|
|
<revdescription>
|
|
<para role="author">Curtis Gedak</para>
|
|
<para role="publisher">&appname; Project</para>
|
|
<para role="annotations">Describes version 0.16.2 of &appname;</para>
|
|
</revdescription>
|
|
</revision>
|
|
<revision>
|
|
<revnumber>&appname; Manual V1.4</revnumber>
|
|
<date>February 2012</date>
|
|
<revdescription>
|
|
<para role="author">Curtis Gedak</para>
|
|
<para role="publisher">&appname; Project</para>
|
|
<para role="annotations">Describes version 0.12.0 of &appname;</para>
|
|
</revdescription>
|
|
</revision>
|
|
<revision>
|
|
<revnumber>&appname; Manual V1.3</revnumber>
|
|
<date>January 2011</date>
|
|
<revdescription>
|
|
<para role="author">Curtis Gedak</para>
|
|
<para role="publisher">&appname; Project</para>
|
|
<para role="annotations">Describes version 0.8.0 of &appname;</para>
|
|
</revdescription>
|
|
</revision>
|
|
<revision>
|
|
<revnumber>&appname; Manual V1.2</revnumber>
|
|
<date>June 2010</date>
|
|
<revdescription>
|
|
<para role="author">Curtis Gedak</para>
|
|
<para role="publisher">&appname; Project</para>
|
|
<para role="annotations">Describes version 0.6.0 of &appname;</para>
|
|
</revdescription>
|
|
</revision>
|
|
<revision>
|
|
<revnumber>&appname; Manual V1.1</revnumber>
|
|
<date>July 2009</date>
|
|
<revdescription>
|
|
<para role="author">Curtis Gedak</para>
|
|
<para role="publisher">&appname; Project</para>
|
|
<para role="annotations">Describes version 0.4.6 of &appname;</para>
|
|
</revdescription>
|
|
</revision>
|
|
<revision>
|
|
<revnumber>&appname; Manual V1.0</revnumber>
|
|
<date>January 2009</date>
|
|
<revdescription>
|
|
<para role="author">Curtis Gedak</para>
|
|
<para role="publisher">&appname; Project</para>
|
|
<para role="annotations">Describes version 0.4.2 of &appname;</para>
|
|
</revdescription>
|
|
</revision>
|
|
<revision>
|
|
<revnumber>&appname; Manual V0.3.9</revnumber>
|
|
<date>September 2008</date>
|
|
<revdescription>
|
|
<para role="author">Curtis Gedak</para>
|
|
<para role="publisher">&appname; Project</para>
|
|
<para role="annotations">Describes version 0.3.9 of &appname;</para>
|
|
</revdescription>
|
|
</revision>
|
|
</revhistory>
|
|
|
|
<releaseinfo>
|
|
This manual describes version &appversion; of &appname;
|
|
</releaseinfo>
|
|
|
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<legalnotice>
|
|
<title>Feedback</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To report a bug or make a suggestion regarding the
|
|
<application>&app;</application> application or this manual,
|
|
follow the directions at
|
|
<ulink type="http" url="http://gparted.org/bugs.php"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<!-- Translators may also add here feedback address for translations -->
|
|
</legalnotice>
|
|
|
|
</articleinfo>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Document Body ===================================== -->
|
|
<!-- ============= Introduction ====================================== -->
|
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<sect1 id="gparted-introduction">
|
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>
|
|
The <application>&app;</application> application is the GNOME partition
|
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editor for creating, reorganizing, and deleting disk partitions.
|
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</para>
|
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<para>
|
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A disk device can be subdivided into one or more partitions.
|
|
The <application>&app;</application> application enables you to
|
|
change the partition organization on a disk device while
|
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preserving the contents of the partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
With <application>&app;</application> you can accomplish the following
|
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tasks:
|
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Create a partition table on a disk device.
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</para>
|
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</listitem>
|
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Enable and disable partition flags such as boot and hidden.
|
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
|
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<para>
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Perform actions with partitions such as create, delete,
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resize, move, check, label, copy, and paste.
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</para>
|
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</listitem>
|
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</itemizedlist>
|
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</para>
|
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<caution>
|
|
<para>
|
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Editing partitions has the potential to cause LOSS of DATA.
|
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</para>
|
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<para>
|
|
The <application>&app;</application> application is
|
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designed to enable you to edit partitions while
|
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reducing the risk of data loss.
|
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The application is carefully tested and is used
|
|
by the &appname; project team.
|
|
However, loss of data might occur due to software bugs,
|
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hardware problems, or power failure.
|
|
</para>
|
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<para>
|
|
You can help to reduce the risk of data loss by
|
|
not mounting or unmounting partitions outside of
|
|
the <application>&app;</application> application while
|
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<application>&app;</application> is running.
|
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</para>
|
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<para>
|
|
You are advised to BACKUP your DATA before using
|
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the <application>&app;</application> application.
|
|
</para>
|
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</caution>
|
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</sect1>
|
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|
|
<!-- ============= Getting Started =================================== -->
|
|
<sect1 id="gparted-getting-started">
|
|
<title>Getting Started</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Start gparted ================================== -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-to-start">
|
|
<title>Starting &app;</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can start <application>&app;</application> in the following ways:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><guimenu>Applications</guimenu> menu</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose <menuchoice><guisubmenu>System Tools</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>GParted Partition Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Command line</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Execute the following command: <command>&app;</command>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
<para>
|
|
On startup, <application>&app;</application> will scan your
|
|
computer for disk devices.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= When You Start gparted ============================ -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-when-you-start">
|
|
|
|
<title>The &app; Window</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When you start <application>&app;</application>, the following
|
|
window is displayed:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ==== Figure ==== -->
|
|
<!-- The GNOME Documentation Project recommends a maximum image
|
|
width of 510 pixels.
|
|
http://library.gnome.org/devel/gdp-style-guide/stable/screenshot-4.html.en
|
|
-->
|
|
<figure id="gparted-window">
|
|
<title>&app; Window</title>
|
|
<screenshot>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="figures/gparted_window.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
<textobject>
|
|
<phrase>Shows &app; main window.</phrase>
|
|
</textobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</screenshot>
|
|
</figure>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <application>&app;</application> window contains the following
|
|
elements:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Menubar</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The menus on the menubar contain all of the commands you need
|
|
to work with disk devices and partitions in
|
|
<application>&app;</application>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Toolbar</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The toolbar contains a subset of the commands that you can
|
|
access from the menubar.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Graphic Display Area</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The graphic display area contains the visual representation
|
|
of the partitions on the selected disk device.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Text Display Area</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The text display area contains the text list
|
|
of the partitions on the selected disk device.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Statusbar</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The statusbar displays information about current
|
|
<application>&app;</application> activity or the
|
|
number of operations pending.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Device Information Pane</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The device information pane displays details about the selected
|
|
disk device.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
By default the device information pane is not shown.
|
|
To show the device information pane, choose
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>Device Information</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Pending Operations Pane</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The pending operations pane displays the current list of
|
|
partition operations in the queue.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
By default the pending operations pane is not shown when there
|
|
are 0 pending operations.
|
|
To show the pending operations pane, choose
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>Pending Operations</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When you left-click in either display area, you select a partition
|
|
to use for partition editing actions.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When you right-click in either display area, the application displays
|
|
a popup menu.
|
|
The popup menu contains the most common partition editing actions.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Like other GNOME applications, actions in
|
|
<application>&app;</application> can be performed in several ways:
|
|
with the menu, with the toolbar, or with shortcut keys.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Specify Devices on the Command Line ============ -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-run-from-cmd-line">
|
|
<title>Running &app; from a Command Line</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can run <application>&app;</application> from a command line
|
|
and specify one or more disk devices.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To work with multiple disk devices from a command line, type the following
|
|
command, then press <keycap>Enter</keycap>:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<screen><prompt>$ </prompt><command>&app; <replaceable>/path-to-your-device1 /path-to-your-device2</replaceable></command></screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Usage ============================================= -->
|
|
<!-- ============= Viewing File System Support ======================= -->
|
|
<sect1 id="gparted-usage">
|
|
<title>Viewing File System Support</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To view the actions supported on file systems, choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>File System Support</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays the <guilabel>File System Support</guilabel>
|
|
dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you have installed software while
|
|
<application>&app;</application> is running,
|
|
click <guibutton>Rescan For Supported Actions</guibutton>
|
|
to refresh the chart.
|
|
The application refreshes the display of the chart.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To close the <guilabel>File System Support</guilabel> dialog,
|
|
click <guibutton>Close</guibutton>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Working With Devices ============================== -->
|
|
<sect1 id="gparted-devices">
|
|
<title>Working with Devices</title>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Select a Device ================================ -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-select-device">
|
|
<title>Selecting a Device</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To select a disk device, choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>GParted</guimenu><guimenuitem>Devices</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
|
|
and select a device from the list.
|
|
The application displays the device partition layout in the
|
|
<application>&app;</application> window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To View Device Information ======================== -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-view-device-information">
|
|
<title>Viewing Device Information</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To view information about a disk device:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select a disk device.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-device"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>Device Information</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application opens a side pane in the
|
|
<application>&app;</application> window
|
|
and displays information about the device.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To close the <guilabel>Device Information</guilabel> side pane,
|
|
deselect:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>Device Information</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Refresh a Device =============================== -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-refresh-device">
|
|
<title>Refreshing All Devices</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To refresh all disk devices, choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>GParted</guimenu><guimenuitem>Refresh Devices</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application rescans all the disk devices and refreshes the device
|
|
partition layout in the <application>&app;</application> window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Create a New Partition Table =================== -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-create-partition-table">
|
|
<title>Creating a New Partition Table</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To create a new partition table on a disk device:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select a disk device.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-device"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Device</guimenu><guimenuitem>Create Partition Table</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays a
|
|
<guilabel>Create partition table on <replaceable>/path-to-device</replaceable></guilabel>
|
|
dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Optionally select a different partition table type from the
|
|
list.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The default partition table type is
|
|
<guimenuitem>msdos</guimenuitem> for disks smaller than 2
|
|
Tebibytes in size (assuming a 512 byte sector size) and
|
|
<guimenuitem>gpt</guimenuitem> for disks 2 Tebibytes and
|
|
larger.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-type"/> for
|
|
<guimenuitem>msdos</guimenuitem> partition table
|
|
limitations.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> to create the new partition table.
|
|
The application writes the new partition table to the disk device.
|
|
The application refreshes the device partition layout in the
|
|
<application>&app;</application> window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<caution>
|
|
<para>
|
|
WARNING: This will ERASE ALL DATA on the ENTIRE DISK DEVICE.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you accidentally overwrite your partition table, see
|
|
<xref linkend="gparted-recover-partition-table"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</caution>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Attempt Data Rescue =================== -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-attempt-data-rescue">
|
|
<title>Attempting Data Rescue</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To attempt data rescue from a disk device:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select a disk device.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-device"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Device</guimenu><guimenuitem>Attempt Data Rescue</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays a
|
|
<guilabel>Search for file systems on <replaceable>/path-to-device</replaceable></guilabel>
|
|
dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>OK</guibutton> to start the full disk scan.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Large disk devices can take a very long time to scan.
|
|
If you do not have the time to wait for a full disk scan
|
|
then click <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A maximum of 4 partitions with file systems might be
|
|
discovered. If you want to discover more than 4
|
|
partitions and restore the partition table, see
|
|
<xref linkend="gparted-recover-partition-table"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When the full disk scan completes one of two possible
|
|
dialogs is displayed:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<guilabel>No file systems found
|
|
on <replaceable>/path-to-device</replaceable>
|
|
</guilabel>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If no file systems are found, you have other options
|
|
to try to rescue your data.
|
|
The <application>photorec</application> application
|
|
is designed to help recover many different types of
|
|
lost files. For more information
|
|
about <application>photorec</application>, see
|
|
<ulink type="http"
|
|
url="http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>OK</guibutton> to close the dialog
|
|
box, and end this attempt to rescue data.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<guilabel>File systems found
|
|
on <replaceable>/path-to-device</replaceable>
|
|
</guilabel>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If file systems are found, each file system is
|
|
displayed in a list along with
|
|
a <guibutton>View</guibutton> button. The dialog
|
|
will indicate if there are data inconsistencies.
|
|
Inconsistencies in the data might prevent you from
|
|
viewing the data.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To rescue data, use the following steps for each file system:
|
|
<orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>View</guibutton> to mount and display
|
|
the file system. Your default file manager is opened
|
|
and displays a read-only view of the file system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the dialog <guilabel>Unable to open the default
|
|
file manager</guilabel> is displayed, then you
|
|
will need to open a file manager and navigate to
|
|
the mount point for the file system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The mount point is shown in the dialog, for
|
|
example "/tmp/gparted-roview-XXXXXX".
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>OK</guibutton> to close the
|
|
<guilabel>Unable to open the
|
|
default file manager</guilabel> dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use the file manager to copy your data to other
|
|
storage media.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When you are finished copying your data, close the
|
|
file manager.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When you are finished rescuing data,
|
|
click <guibutton>Close</guibutton> to end this attempt to
|
|
rescue data. The application umounts any file systems
|
|
that were mounted for viewing. Then the application
|
|
rescans all the disk devices and refreshes the device
|
|
partition layout in the <application>&app;</application>
|
|
window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Working with Partitions =========================== -->
|
|
<sect1 id="gparted-partitions">
|
|
<title>Working with Partitions</title>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Basic Partition Actions =========================== -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-basic-partition-actions">
|
|
<title>Basic Partition Actions</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
These actions will not alter partitions on your disk device.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Select a Partition ============================= -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-select-partition">
|
|
<title>Selecting a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To select a partition, use one of the following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click on a partition in the graphic display area.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click on a partition in the text display area.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The application highlights the partition in both the graphic
|
|
display area and the text display area in the
|
|
<application>&app;</application> window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition operations such as delete, move, copy, format,
|
|
check, label, and often resize require the partition to be
|
|
unmounted.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-unmount-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Select Unallocated Space ======================= -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-select-unallocated">
|
|
<title>Selecting Unallocated Space</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To select unallocated space, use one of the following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click on <guilabel>unallocated</guilabel> in the graphic display area.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click on <guilabel>unallocated</guilabel> in the text display area.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The application highlights the unallocated space in both the graphic
|
|
display area and the text display area in the
|
|
<application>&app;</application> window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you do not have any disk devices with unallocated space,
|
|
you might try the following:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Add a new disk device to your computer.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Shrink a partition that contains unused space.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-resize-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To View Partition Information ===================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-view-partition-information">
|
|
<title>Viewing Partition Information</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To view information about a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select a partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Information</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application opens an <guilabel>Information about
|
|
<replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel> dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To close the <guilabel>Information about
|
|
<replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel> dialog,
|
|
click <guibutton>Close</guibutton>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Mount a Partition ============================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-mount-partition">
|
|
<title>Mounting a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To mount a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Mount</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
|
|
and select a mount point from the list.
|
|
The application mounts the partition on the mount point and
|
|
refreshes the device partition layout in the
|
|
<application>&app;</application> window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Mount</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
|
|
is not visible, then <application>&app;</application>
|
|
does not know where the partition should be mounted.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Unmount a Partition ============================ -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-unmount-partition">
|
|
<title>Unmounting a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To unmount a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select a mounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Unmount</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application unmounts the partition from the mount point and
|
|
refreshes the device partition layout in the
|
|
<application>&app;</application> window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Unmount</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
|
|
does not succeed, then the partition is probably in use.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To have all partitions unmounted and available for
|
|
partition editing actions, boot from a Live CD and
|
|
use <application>&app;</application>.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-acquire-livecd"/>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
<!-- ============= End of Basic Partition Actions ==================== -->
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Intermediate Partition Actions ==================== -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-intermediate-partition-actions">
|
|
<title>Intermediate Partition Actions</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
These actions will alter partitions on your disk device.
|
|
These actions will not modify the start or end boundaries
|
|
of your existing partitions.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Creating a New Partition ========================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-create-new-partition">
|
|
<title>Creating a New Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To create a new partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unallocated space on the disk device.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-unallocated"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays the <guilabel>Create new Partition</guilabel> dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the size and the location for the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-size-and-location"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the alignment for the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-alignment"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the type of partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-type"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the type of file system for the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-file-system"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the label for the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-label"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Add</guibutton> to add the create partition
|
|
operation to the operation queue.
|
|
The application displays the create partition operation
|
|
in the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane
|
|
in the <application>&app;</application> window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Delete a Partition ============================= -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-delete-partition">
|
|
<title>Deleting a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To delete a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Delete</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays the delete partition operation in
|
|
the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<caution>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you delete a logical partition, then all existing logical
|
|
partitions after the deleted logical partition will
|
|
experience changes in device names.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
For example, an extended partition contains four logical
|
|
partitions A, B, C, and D. These logical partitions are accessed by the
|
|
operating system as follows:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition A as /dev/sda5.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition B as /dev/sda6.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition C as /dev/sda7.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition D as /dev/sda8.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If partition B is deleted, then the remaining logical
|
|
partitions will be accessed by the operating system as follows:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition A as /dev/sda5.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition C as /dev/sda6. Note the change in device name.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition D as /dev/sda7. Note the change in device name.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Changes in a device name can cause problems if a
|
|
partition is mounted using a device name.
|
|
You can avoid the problem by using the label or
|
|
the Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) of
|
|
the partition when mounting the partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Changes in a device name might adversely affect the
|
|
following files:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
/etc/fstab - Contains a list of file systems to mount.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
/boot/grub/menu.lst - Contains operating system boot
|
|
instructions for the <application>grub</application>
|
|
boot loader.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</caution>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Format a Partition ============================= -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-format-partition">
|
|
<title>Formatting a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To format a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Format to</guimenuitem></menuchoice>,
|
|
and select a type of file system from the list.
|
|
The application displays the format partition operation
|
|
in the <guilabel>Operations Pending</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-file-system"/>
|
|
for the meaning of the <guimenuitem>cleared</guimenuitem>
|
|
file system type.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Set a Partition Label ========================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-setting-partition-label">
|
|
<title>Setting a Partition Label</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To set a label or a volume name for a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Label</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application opens a <guilabel>Set partition label on
|
|
<replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel> dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Type a label name in the <guilabel>Label </guilabel> text box.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays the set partition label operation
|
|
in the <guilabel>Operations Pending</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Change a Partition's UUID ========================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-changing-partition-uuid">
|
|
<title>Changing a Partition UUID</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To change the Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) of a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>New UUID</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays the set a new random UUID
|
|
operation in the <guilabel>Operations Pending</guilabel>
|
|
pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<warning>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Changing the UUID might invalidate the Windows Product
|
|
Activation key (WPA).
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
On FAT and NTFS file systems, the Volume Serial Number
|
|
is used as UUID. Changing the Volume Serial
|
|
Number on the Windows system partition, normally C:,
|
|
might invalidate the WPA key. An invalid WPA key will
|
|
prevent login until you reactivate Windows.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
In an attempt to avoid invalidating the WPA key, on
|
|
NTFS file systems only half of the UUID is set to a
|
|
new random value. On FAT file systems, such a precaution
|
|
is not possible.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The WPA key should not be affected by changing the
|
|
UUID of data partitions or removable media partitions.
|
|
In rare cases, a partition that is present
|
|
at boot time might be an exception to this rule.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</warning>
|
|
<warning>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Changing the UUID when there is no need to do so might
|
|
cause a GNU/Linux system to fail to boot, or to fail
|
|
to mount a file system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Changing the UUID is only required after copying a
|
|
partition. The UUID change is needed to prevent
|
|
duplicate UUIDs when both the source and the copy of
|
|
the partition are used on the same computer.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If boot or mount problems occur you might need to edit
|
|
configuration files, such as /etc/fstab, and
|
|
regenerate the grub menu to ensure that the correct
|
|
UUID is specified.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</warning>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Specifying Partition Details ====================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-specify-partition-details">
|
|
<title>Specifying Partition Details</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specifying partition details is useful when performing actions
|
|
such as create, resize, and move.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Specify a Partition Size and Location ========== -->
|
|
<sect4 id="gparted-specify-partition-size-and-location">
|
|
<title>Specifying Partition Size and Location</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To specify the size and the location of the partition,
|
|
use one or a combination of the following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click-and-hold the arrow at either end of the graphic area.
|
|
Drag the arrow left or right within the display range.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click-and-hold the middle of the partition in the graphic area.
|
|
Drag the partition left or right within the display range.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click the spin button arrows, or type numeric values
|
|
to adjust the following fields:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<guilabel>Free Space Preceding</guilabel>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<guilabel>New Size</guilabel>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<guilabel>Free Space Following</guilabel>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The application refreshes both the graphic area
|
|
and the numbers beside the three field labels.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Specify a Partition Alignment ================== -->
|
|
<sect4 id="gparted-specify-partition-alignment">
|
|
<title>Specifying Partition Alignment</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To specify the alignment of the partition, click the
|
|
<guilabel>Align to</guilabel> arrow button, and select from the list.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use <guilabel>MiB</guilabel> alignment for modern
|
|
operating systems. This setting aligns partitions to
|
|
start and end on precise mebibyte (1,048,576 byte)
|
|
boundaries. MiB alignment provides enhanced performance
|
|
when used with RAID systems and with Solid State Drives,
|
|
such as USB flash drives.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use <guilabel>Cylinder</guilabel> alignment to maintain
|
|
compatibility with operating systems released before the
|
|
year 2000, such as DOS. This setting aligns partitions
|
|
to start and end on disk cylinder boundaries.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The Cylinder/Head/Sector values reported by modern
|
|
disk devices no longer have a direct physical
|
|
relationship to the data stored on the disk device.
|
|
Hence it is no longer valid to use this alignment
|
|
setting to achieve enhanced performance.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use <guilabel>None</guilabel> only if you have an
|
|
in-depth knowledge of disk structure, partition tables,
|
|
and boot records. This setting places partition
|
|
boundaries relative to the end of any immediately
|
|
preceding partition on the disk device. This setting
|
|
is not guaranteed to reserve or respect space required
|
|
for boot records.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Specify a Partition Type ======================= -->
|
|
<sect4 id="gparted-specify-partition-type">
|
|
<title>Specifying Partition Type</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To specify the partition type, click the
|
|
<guilabel>Create as</guilabel> arrow button, and select from the list.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The msdos partition table limits partitions as follows:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Maximum of 4 primary partitions.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Maximum of 3 primary partitions, and 1 extended partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The extended partition can contain multiple logical
|
|
partitions.
|
|
Some GNU/Linux distributions support accessing at most
|
|
15 partitions on a disk device.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Maximum size of a partition is 2 Tebibytes using
|
|
a sector size of 512 bytes. The partition must also
|
|
start within the first 2 Tebibytes of the disk device.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Primary partitions provide better data recoverability
|
|
because the partition boundaries are stored at known
|
|
locations on the disk device.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Specify a Partition File System ================ -->
|
|
<sect4 id="gparted-specify-partition-file-system">
|
|
<title>Specifying Partition File System</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To specify the type of file system for the partition, click the
|
|
<guilabel>File System</guilabel> arrow button, and select from the list.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Examples of uses for some file systems are as follows:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<guimenuitem>ext2</guimenuitem>,
|
|
<guimenuitem>ext3</guimenuitem> and
|
|
<guimenuitem>ext4</guimenuitem> file systems can be
|
|
used for installing GNU/Linux, and for data.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<guimenuitem>linux-swap</guimenuitem> can be used with
|
|
GNU/Linux to increase the virtual memory of your
|
|
computer.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<guimenuitem>fat16</guimenuitem> and
|
|
<guimenuitem>fat32</guimenuitem> file systems can be
|
|
used to share data between free and commercial
|
|
operating systems.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<guimenuitem>cleared</guimenuitem> can be used to
|
|
clear any existing file system signatures and ensure
|
|
that the partition is recognised as empty.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<guimenuitem>unformatted</guimenuitem> can be used to
|
|
just create a partition without writing a file system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Specify a Partition Label ====================== -->
|
|
<sect4 id="gparted-specify-partition-label">
|
|
<title>Specifying Partition Label</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To specify the partition label, also known as a volume label,
|
|
type a label name in the <guilabel>Label</guilabel> text box.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Labels can be used to help you remember what is stored in
|
|
the partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Unique labels can be used to mount file systems with the
|
|
GNU/Linux operating system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
<!-- ============= End of Specifying Partition Details =============== -->
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
<!-- ============= End of Intermediate Partition Actions ============= -->
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Advanced Partition Actions ======================== -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-advanced-partition-actions">
|
|
<title>Advanced Partition Actions</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
These actions will alter partitions on your disk device.
|
|
These actions might modify the start or end boundaries
|
|
of your existing partitions.
|
|
These actions might cause operating systems to fail to boot.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Resize a Partition ============================= -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-resize-partition">
|
|
<title>Resizing a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Resizing and moving a partition can be performed by a single
|
|
<application>&app;</application> operation.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To resize a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select a partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Unmounted or inactive partitions enable the most
|
|
resize options.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Support is available for online resize of some
|
|
mounted or otherwise active partitions. However this
|
|
support is often limited to grow only.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Resize/Move</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays the
|
|
<guilabel>Resize/Move <replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel>
|
|
dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Adjust the size of the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-size-and-location"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you do not want the start of an existing partition
|
|
to move, then do not change the <guilabel>free space
|
|
preceding</guilabel> value. If the partition is
|
|
mounted or otherwise active, then you will not be able
|
|
to change the <guilabel>free space
|
|
preceding</guilabel> value.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the alignment of the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-alignment"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Resize/Move</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays the resize/move partition operation
|
|
in the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Examine the operation that was added to the
|
|
<guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the operation involves a move step, then
|
|
consider the following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A move step might take a long time
|
|
to complete.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the partition is an operating system boot partition,
|
|
then a move step might cause the operating system
|
|
to fail to boot.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you are not prepared to wait
|
|
or to fix potential operating system boot problems,
|
|
then you might want to undo the operation.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-undo-last-operation"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To grow or move a partition, unallocated space must be available adjacent
|
|
to the partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you are growing a logical partition, then the unallocated space
|
|
must be within the extended partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you are growing a primary partition, then the unallocated space
|
|
must not be within the extended partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can move unallocated space to be inside or outside of the
|
|
extended partition by resizing the extended partition boundaries.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To improve the ability to shrink NTFS partitions, you
|
|
might consider one or more of the following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Defragment the file system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Booting into Safe Mode with the
|
|
commercial operating system that uses NTFS
|
|
can improve the ability to defragment
|
|
the file system.
|
|
To enter Safe Mode press <keycap>F8</keycap>
|
|
while your computer is booting
|
|
the operating system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Check the partition for errors with the following command:
|
|
<screen><prompt>C:> </prompt><command>chkdsk</command> /f /r</screen>
|
|
Remember to reboot back into the commercial operating system
|
|
that uses NTFS to allow the <command>chkdsk</command> command
|
|
to execute.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Temporarily disable the paging file.
|
|
The paging file occupies a fixed location
|
|
in the partition that the defragmentation
|
|
process is unable to move.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Temporarily move large files to another partition
|
|
or disk device. Large files are defined as greater
|
|
than a few hundred Megabytes (MB).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Ensure a proper shut down of the commercial operating
|
|
system that uses NTFS before you resize the NTFS
|
|
partition
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Leave at least 10 percent unused space in the NTFS partition.
|
|
If you shrink the partition too much,
|
|
then the commercial operating system might have difficulty
|
|
functioning properly.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Reboot twice into the commercial operating system that
|
|
uses NTFS after shrinking the NTFS partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Move a Partition =============================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-move-partition">
|
|
<title>Moving a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Moving and resizing a partition can be performed by a single
|
|
<application>&app;</application> operation.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To move a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Resize/Move</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays the
|
|
<guilabel>Resize/Move <replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel>
|
|
dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Adjust the location of the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-size-and-location"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the alignment of the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-alignment"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Resize/Move</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays the resize/move partition operation
|
|
in the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the partition is an operating system boot partition,
|
|
then the operating system might not boot after the move
|
|
operation is applied.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the operating system fails to boot, see
|
|
<xref linkend="gparted-fix-operating-system-boot-problems"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Copy and Paste a Partition ===================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-copy-and-paste-partition">
|
|
<title>Copying and Pasting a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To copy a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Copy</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application marks the partition as the
|
|
source partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To Paste a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unallocated space on a disk device.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-unallocated"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays the
|
|
<guilabel>Paste <replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel>
|
|
dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want you can adjust the size and location of the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-size-and-location"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want you can specify the alignment of partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-alignment"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Paste</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays the copy partition operation
|
|
in the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<caution>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The copy of the partition has the same label
|
|
and the same Universally Unique Identifier (UUID)
|
|
as the source partition.
|
|
This can cause a problem when booting, or when mount actions
|
|
use the partition label or the UUID to identify the
|
|
partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The problem is that the operating system will randomly
|
|
select to mount either the source, or the copy of the
|
|
partition. For example, on the first mount action the
|
|
source partition might be mounted. On the next mount action
|
|
the copy of the partition might be mounted. Over time this
|
|
random nature of partition mounting might make files seem to
|
|
mysteriously appear or disappear depending upon which
|
|
partition is mounted. Random mounting of the source or the
|
|
copy of the partition might also cause severe data
|
|
corruption or loss.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To avoid the problem you are advised to do one of the
|
|
following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
After you have applied the copy operation:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Change the UUID of either the source, or the copy
|
|
of the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-changing-partition-uuid"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the partition label is not blank then change the
|
|
label of either the source, or the copy of the
|
|
partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-setting-partition-label"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
After you have applied the copy operation, delete or
|
|
reformat the source partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use some other method to ensure that the source
|
|
partition and the copy of the partition are not used
|
|
on the same computer at the same time. For example,
|
|
if the copy of the partition is on a separate drive
|
|
then remove the drive from the computer.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</caution>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Manage Partition Flags ========================= -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-manage-partition-flags">
|
|
<title>Managing Partition Flags</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To manage partition flags:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select a partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Manage Flags</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application opens a <guilabel>Manage flags on
|
|
<replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel> dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To enable a flag, select the check box beside the flag.
|
|
The application writes the enabled flag to the partition
|
|
and refreshes the <guilabel>Manage flags on
|
|
<replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel> dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To disable a flag, deselect the check box beside the flag.
|
|
The application writes the disabled flag to the partition
|
|
and refreshes the <guilabel>Manage flags on
|
|
<replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel> dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To close the <guilabel>Manage flags on
|
|
<replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel> dialog,
|
|
click <guibutton>Close</guibutton>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A description of flags in an msdos partition table
|
|
follows:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Boot is used by some commercial operating system
|
|
boot loaders.
|
|
The boot flag indicates the partition is active
|
|
or bootable.
|
|
Only one partition on a disk device can be active.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Diag is used to indicate the partition is used for
|
|
diagnostics / recovery.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Hidden is used by some commercial operating systems.
|
|
The hidden flag makes the partition invisible to the
|
|
operating system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
LBA is used by some commercial operating system
|
|
boot loaders.
|
|
The LBA flag indicates the partition should be
|
|
accessed using Logical Block Addressing (LBA), instead
|
|
of Cylinder-Head-Sector (CHS) addressing.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
LVM is used to indicate the partition is used by a
|
|
Logical Volume Manager (LVM).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Palo is used by the Precision Architecture -
|
|
Reduced Instruction Set Computing (PA-RISC)
|
|
boot loader, palo.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Prep is used to indicate the boot partition
|
|
on Power Performance Computing (PowerPC) hardware.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
RAID is used to indicate the partition is used in a
|
|
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A description of flags in a gpt partition table follows:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Atvrecv is used to indicate an Apple TV Recovery
|
|
partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
BIOS_GRUB indicates a BIOS boot partition often used
|
|
by the GRUB 2 boot loader.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Boot is used by some commercial operating system
|
|
boot loaders.
|
|
The boot flag indicates the partition is active
|
|
or bootable.
|
|
Only one partition on a disk device can be active.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Diag indicates the partition is used for diagnostics
|
|
or recovery.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Hidden is used by some commercial operating systems.
|
|
The hidden flag makes the partition invisible to the
|
|
operating system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
HP-service is used to indicate a Hewlett Packard
|
|
service partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Legacy_boot is used by some special purpose software
|
|
to indicate the partition might be bootable.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
LVM indicates the partition is used by a Logical
|
|
Volume Manager (LVM).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Msftres is used to indicate a Microsoft Reserved
|
|
partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
RAID indicates the partition is used in a Redundant
|
|
Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Check a Partition ============================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-Check-partition">
|
|
<title>Checking a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Checking a partition will attempt to find and fix problems
|
|
in the file system.
|
|
Checking a partition will attempt to grow the file system
|
|
to fill the partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To check a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Check</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays the check partition operation
|
|
in the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= End of Advanced Partition Actions ================= -->
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Working with the Operation Queue ================== -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-operation-queue">
|
|
<title>Working with the Operation Queue</title>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Undo Last Operation ============================ -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-undo-last-operation">
|
|
<title>Undoing Last Operation</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To undo the last operation in the operation queue, choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Undo Last Operation</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application removes the last operation from the queue
|
|
displayed in the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
If there are no operations remaining in the queue,
|
|
the application closes the
|
|
<guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Clear All Operations =========================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-clear-all-operations">
|
|
<title>Clearing All Operations</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To clear all operations in the operation queue, choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Clear All Operations</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application removes all operations from the queue
|
|
and closes the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Apply All Operations =========================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-apply-all-operations">
|
|
<title>Applying All Operations</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To apply all operations:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Apply All Operations</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays an
|
|
<guilabel>Apply operations to device</guilabel> dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<caution>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Editing partitions has the potential to cause LOSS of DATA.
|
|
You are advised to backup your data before applying your
|
|
partition editing operations.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</caution>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Apply</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays an
|
|
<guilabel>Applying pending operations</guilabel> dialog.
|
|
The application applies each pending operation
|
|
in the order you created the operations.
|
|
The application displays a status update when each
|
|
operation is completed.
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To view more information,
|
|
click <guibutton>Details</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays more details about operations.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To view more information about the steps in each operation,
|
|
click the arrow button beside each step.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To stop the operations while they are executing,
|
|
click <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays a disabled
|
|
<guibutton>Force Cancel (5)</guibutton> button and
|
|
counts down for 5 seconds.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<guibutton>Cancel</guibutton> instructs the
|
|
application to stop or roll back operations
|
|
as necessary to ensure data integrity.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If operations have not halted after 5 seconds the
|
|
application enables the <guibutton>Force
|
|
Cancel</guibutton> button.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To force the operations to stop, click
|
|
<guibutton>Force Cancel</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays a warning dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Continue Operation</guibutton> to
|
|
allow the roll back operations to complete, or
|
|
click <guibutton>Cancel Operation</guibutton> to
|
|
cancel the roll back operations.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<warning>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<guibutton>Cancel Operation</guibutton>
|
|
terminates the safe roll back of operations and
|
|
might cause SEVERE file system damage and data
|
|
loss. You are advised to click
|
|
<guibutton>Continue Operation</guibutton> to
|
|
allow the roll back to complete.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</warning>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When the application finishes performing operations,
|
|
the application displays the
|
|
<guibutton>Save Details</guibutton> button and the
|
|
<guibutton>Close</guibutton> button.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want to save the details from applying all operations,
|
|
then click <guibutton>Save Details</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays a <guilabel>Save Details</guilabel>
|
|
dialog.
|
|
<orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want to change the default file name,
|
|
then type a file name in the
|
|
<guilabel>Name</guilabel> text box.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want to save the file in a folder
|
|
different than /root,
|
|
Click <guibutton>Browse for other folders</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays a file system navigator.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use the file system navigator to select a folder.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Save</guibutton> to save the file.
|
|
The application saves the details file.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<caution>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you use <application>&app;</application> from a Live CD, then
|
|
the root file system exists in RAM memory. All files saved
|
|
to the Live CD root file system will be lost when you shut down
|
|
the computer.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you saved the &app; details to the Live CD root file system,
|
|
then you need to copy the file to more permanent storage.
|
|
Examples of more permanent storage are a hard disk drive
|
|
or a USB flash memory drive.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</caution>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Close</guibutton>.
|
|
The application closes the
|
|
<guilabel>Applying pending operations</guilabel> dialog.
|
|
The application rescans all the disk devices and refreshes the device
|
|
partition layout in the <application>&app;</application> window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= End of Working with the Operation Queue =========== -->
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Acquiring GParted on Live CD ====================== -->
|
|
<sect1 id="gparted-acquire-livecd">
|
|
<title>Acquiring GParted on Live CD</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A Live CD is a Compact Disc that contains a bootable operating system.
|
|
A Live CD enables you to boot your computer from the CD.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Using <application>&app;</application> from a Live CD
|
|
has the following advantages:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can edit all of your partitions
|
|
because the partitions are not mounted.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can edit partitions on computers that
|
|
do not have a bootable operating system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <application>&app;</application> application is available on many
|
|
Live CD distributions.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can download a Live CD image containing
|
|
<application>&app;</application> from the following web sites:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
GParted Live CD
|
|
<ulink type="http" url="http://gparted.org/livecd.php"/>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
System Rescue CD
|
|
<ulink type="http" url="http://www.sysresccd.org"/>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To avoid wasting a blank CD when burning a CD image file,
|
|
use the following tips:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Ensure the checksum of the downloaded file matches
|
|
the checksum posted on the download page.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Be sure to burn the .iso file as an image to the blank CD.
|
|
If you burn the .iso file as data to a blank CD then the
|
|
CD will not boot in your computer.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Fixing Operating System Boot Problems ============= -->
|
|
<sect1 id="gparted-fix-operating-system-boot-problems">
|
|
<title>Fixing Operating System Boot Problems</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Your computer might fail to boot an operating system
|
|
when you perform one of the following actions:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Delete a partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Move a partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Install another operating system and
|
|
overwrite the Master Boot Record (MBR).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You are advised to consult documentation for your boot loader
|
|
to learn how to fix the problem.
|
|
You might consult the
|
|
<ulink type="http" url="http://gparted.org/faq.php">&appname; FAQ</ulink>,
|
|
or the
|
|
<ulink type="http" url="http://gparted.org/forum.php">&appname; forum</ulink>.
|
|
You might also use Internet search engines to learn how other people
|
|
have solved similar problems.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Fixing GRUB Boot Problem ========================== -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-fix-grub-boot-problem">
|
|
<title>Fixing GRUB boot problem</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The Grand Unified Boot loader (GRUB) might fail to boot an
|
|
operating system if you do one of the following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Move the partition containing the GRUB stage2 file.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Install a new operating system that overwrites the
|
|
Master Boot Record (MBR).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To fix these problems, you will need to reinstall the GRUB
|
|
boot record using the following steps:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Start the <application>grub</application> application
|
|
from the command line.
|
|
<screen><prompt>$ </prompt><command>grub</command></screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Find where <application>grub</application> stage1 is located by using
|
|
one of the following:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the /boot folder is stored in the / partition,
|
|
use the command:
|
|
<screen><prompt>grub> </prompt><command>find</command> /boot/grub/stage1</screen>
|
|
If the /boot folder is stored in a partition
|
|
different than the / partition, use the command:
|
|
<screen><prompt>grub> </prompt><command>find</command> /grub/stage1</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The output from the <command>find</command> command might
|
|
look like the following:
|
|
<screen><computeroutput> <replaceable>(hd0,0)</replaceable></computeroutput></screen>
|
|
If more than one line is listed in the command output,
|
|
you will need to decide which device you use for <application>grub</application>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Set the <application>grub</application> root device
|
|
by specifying the device returned
|
|
by the <command>find</command> command.
|
|
<screen><prompt>grub> </prompt>root <replaceable>(hd0,0)</replaceable></screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Reinstall <application>grub</application>
|
|
by specifying the device returned
|
|
by the <command>find</command> command.
|
|
<screen><prompt>grub> </prompt>setup <replaceable>(hd0,0)</replaceable></screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Exit <application>grub</application>.
|
|
<screen><prompt>grub> </prompt>quit</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Reboot your computer.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <application>grub</application> application is included on
|
|
each Live CD listed in
|
|
<xref linkend="gparted-acquire-livecd"/>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= End of Fixing Operating System Boot Problems ====== -->
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Recovering Partition Tables ======================= -->
|
|
<sect1 id="gparted-recover-partition-table">
|
|
<title>Recovering Partition Tables</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you accidentally overwrite your partition table, there is a chance
|
|
that you might be able to recover it.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <application>testdisk</application> application is designed to help
|
|
recover lost partitions. For more information about
|
|
<application>testdisk</application>, see
|
|
<ulink type="http" url="http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <application>testdisk</application> application is included on
|
|
each Live CD listed in
|
|
<xref linkend="gparted-acquire-livecd"/>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
</article>
|