1996 lines
71 KiB
XML
1996 lines
71 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY appversion "0.4.6">
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<!ENTITY manrevision "1.1">
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<!ENTITY date "July 2009">
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<!ENTITY app "gparted">
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<!ENTITY appname "GParted">
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<!-- Information about the entities:
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Use the appversion entity to specify the version of the application.
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Use the manrevision entity to specify the revision number of this manual.
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Use the date entity to specify the release date of this manual.
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Use the app entity to specify the command name of the application.
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Use the appname entity to specify the formal name of the application.
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-->
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]>
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<!--
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To generate a single html file of this document, use the command:
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xmlto html-nochunks gparted.xml
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-->
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<!-- ============= Document Header =================================== -->
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<?db.chunk.max_depth 4?>
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<article id="gparted" lang="en">
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<!-- Please do not change the id. -->
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<!-- For translations, change lang to appropriate code -->
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<articleinfo>
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<title>&appname; Manual</title>
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<publisher>
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<publishername>&appname; Project</publishername>
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</publisher>
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<abstract role="description">
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<para>
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&appname; is the Gnome Partition Editor for creating,
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reorganizing, and deleting disk partitions.
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&appname; enables you to change the partition organization while preserving
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the partition contents.
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</para>
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</abstract>
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<copyright>
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<year>2009</year>
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<holder>Curtis Gedak</holder>
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</copyright>
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<!-- translators: uncomment this:
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<copyright>
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<year>2009</year>
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<holder>ME-THE-TRANSLATOR (Latin translation)</holder>
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</copyright>
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-->
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<legalnotice>
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<para>
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
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Texts. You can find a copy of the GFDL at this
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<ulink type="help" url="ghelp:fdl">link</ulink> or at
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<ulink type="http" url="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/fdl.html"/>
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or in the file COPYING-DOCS distributed with this manual.
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</para>
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</legalnotice>
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<authorgroup>
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<author role="maintainer">
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<firstname>Curtis</firstname>
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<surname>Gedak</surname>
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<affiliation>
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<orgname>&appname; Project</orgname>
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<address>
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<email>gedakc@users.sf.net</email>
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</address>
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</affiliation>
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</author>
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<!-- This is appropriate place for other contributors: translators,
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maintainers, etc. Commented out by default.
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<othercredit role="translator">
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<firstname>Latin</firstname>
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<surname>Translator 1</surname>
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<affiliation>
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<orgname>Latin Translation Team</orgname>
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<address> <email>translator@gnome.org</email> </address>
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</affiliation>
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<contrib>Latin translation</contrib>
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</othercredit>
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-->
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</authorgroup>
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<!-- According to GNU FDL, revision history is mandatory if you are -->
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<!-- modifying/reusing someone else's document. If not, you can omit it. -->
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<!-- Remember to remove the &manrevision; entity from the revision entries other
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than the current revision. -->
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<revhistory>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>&appname; Manual V&manrevision;</revnumber>
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<date>&date;</date>
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<revdescription>
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<para role="author">Curtis Gedak</para>
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<para role="publisher">&appname; Project</para>
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</revdescription>
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</revision>
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<!-- Uncomment this and maintain if you are not the original author
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<revision>
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<revnumber>&appname; Manual V&manrevision;</revnumber>
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<date>&date;</date>
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<revdescription>
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<para role="author">firstname lastname</para>
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<para role="publisher">publishername</para>
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</revdescription>
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</revision>
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-->
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</revhistory>
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<releaseinfo>
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This manual describes version &appversion; of &appname;
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</releaseinfo>
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<legalnotice>
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<title>Feedback</title>
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<para>
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To report a bug or make a suggestion regarding the
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<application>&app;</application> application or this manual,
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follow the directions at
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<ulink type="http" url="http://gparted.sourceforge.net/bugs.php"/>.
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</para>
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<!-- Translators may also add here feedback address for translations -->
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</legalnotice>
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</articleinfo>
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<!-- ============= Document Body ===================================== -->
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<!-- ============= Introduction ====================================== -->
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<sect1 id="gparted-introduction">
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>
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The <application>&app;</application> application is the GNOME partition
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editor for creating, reorganizing, and deleting disk partitions.
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</para>
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<para>
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A disk device can be subdivided into one or more partitions.
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The <application>&app;</application> application enables you to
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change the partition organization on a disk device while
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preserving the contents of the partition.
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</para>
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<para>
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With <application>&app;</application> you can accomplish the following
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tasks:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Create a partition table on a disk device.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Enable and disable partition flags such as boot and hidden.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Perform actions with partitions such as create, delete,
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resize, move, check, label, copy, and paste.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<caution>
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<para>
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Editing partitions has the potential to cause LOSS of DATA.
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</para>
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<para>
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The <application>&app;</application> application is
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designed to enable you to edit partitions while
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reducing the risk of data loss.
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The application is carefully tested and is used
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by the &appname; project team.
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However, loss of data might occur due to software bugs,
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hardware problems, or power failure.
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</para>
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<para>
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You can help to reduce the risk of data loss by
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not mounting or unmounting partitions outside of
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the <application>&app;</application> application while
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<application>&app;</application> is running.
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</para>
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<para>
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You are advised to BACKUP your DATA before using
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the <application>&app;</application> application.
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</para>
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</caution>
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</sect1>
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<!-- ============= Getting Started =================================== -->
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<sect1 id="gparted-getting-started">
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<title>Getting Started</title>
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<para>
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</para>
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<!-- ============= To Start gparted ================================== -->
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<sect2 id="gparted-to-start">
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<title>Starting &app;</title>
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<para>
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You can start <application>&app;</application> in the following ways:
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><guimenu>Applications</guimenu> menu</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Choose <menuchoice><guisubmenu>System Tools</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>GParted Partition Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Command line</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Execute the following command: <command>&app;</command>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>
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On startup, <application>&app;</application> will scan your
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computer for disk devices.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<!-- ============= When You Start gparted ============================ -->
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<sect2 id="gparted-when-you-start">
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<title>The &app; Window</title>
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<para>
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When you start <application>&app;</application>, the following
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window is displayed:
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</para>
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<!-- ==== Figure ==== -->
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<figure id="gparted-window">
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<title>&app; Window</title>
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<screenshot>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="figures/gparted_window.png" format="PNG"/>
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</imageobject>
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<textobject>
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<phrase>Shows &app; main window.</phrase>
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</textobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</screenshot>
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</figure>
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<para>
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The <application>&app;</application> window contains the following
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elements:
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Menubar</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The menus on the menubar contain all of the commands you need
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to work with disk devices and partitions in
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<application>&app;</application>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Toolbar</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The toolbar contains a subset of the commands that you can
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access from the menubar.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Graphic Display Area</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The graphic display area contains the visual representation
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of the partitions on the selected disk device.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Text Display Area</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The text display area contains the text list
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of the partitions on the selected disk device.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Statusbar</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The statusbar displays information about current
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<application>&app;</application> activity or the
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number of operations pending.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Device Information Pane</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The device information pane displays details about the selected
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disk device.
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</para>
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<para>
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By default the device information pane is not shown.
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To show the device information pane, choose
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<menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>Device Information</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Pending Operations Pane</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The pending operations pane displays the current list of
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partition operations in the queue.
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</para>
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<para>
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By default the pending operations pane is not shown when there
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are 0 pending operations.
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To show the pending operations pane, choose
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<menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>Pending Operations</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>
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When you left-click in either display area, you select a partition
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to use for partition editing actions.
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</para>
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<para>
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When you right-click in either display area, the application displays
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a popup menu.
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The popup menu contains the most common partition editing actions.
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</para>
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<para>Like other GNOME applications, actions in
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<application>&app;</application> can be performed in several ways:
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with the menu, with the toolbar, or with shortcut keys.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<!-- ============= To Specify Devices on the Command Line ============ -->
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<sect2 id="gparted-run-from-cmd-line">
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<title>Running &app; from a Command Line</title>
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<para>
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You can run <application>&app;</application> from a command line
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and specify one or more disk devices.
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</para>
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<para>
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To work with multiple disk devices from a command line, type the following
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command, then press <keycap>Enter</keycap>:
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</para>
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<para>
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<screen><prompt>$ </prompt><command>&app; <replaceable>/path-to-your-device1 /path-to-your-device2</replaceable></command></screen>
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</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<!-- ============= Usage ============================================= -->
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<!-- ============= Viewing File System Support ======================= -->
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<sect1 id="gparted-usage">
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<title>Viewing File System Support</title>
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<para>
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To view the actions supported on file systems, choose:
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<menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>File System Support</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
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The application displays the <guilabel>File System Support</guilabel>
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dialog.
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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To view details about the chart, click <guibutton>Legend</guibutton>.
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The application displays more information about the chart.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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If you have installed software while
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<application>&app;</application> is running,
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click <guibutton>Rescan For Supported Actions</guibutton>
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to refresh the chart.
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The application refreshes the display of the chart.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>
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To close the <guilabel>File System Support</guilabel> dialog,
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click <guibutton>Close</guibutton>.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<!-- ============= Working With Devices ============================== -->
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<sect1 id="gparted-devices">
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<title>Working with Devices</title>
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<!-- ============= To Select a Device ================================ -->
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<sect2 id="gparted-select-device">
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<title>Selecting a Device</title>
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<para>
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To select a disk device, choose:
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<menuchoice><guimenu>GParted</guimenu><guimenuitem>Devices</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
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and select a device from the list.
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The application displays the device partition layout in the
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<application>&app;</application> window.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<!-- ============= To View Device Information ======================== -->
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<sect2 id="gparted-view-device-information">
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<title>Viewing Device Information</title>
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<para>
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To view information about a disk device:
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Select a disk device.
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See <xref linkend="gparted-select-device"/>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Select:
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<menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>Device Information</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
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The application opens a side pane in the
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<application>&app;</application> window
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and displays information about the device.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</para>
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<para>
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To close the <guilabel>Device Information</guilabel> side pane,
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deselect:
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<menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>Device Information</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<!-- ============= To Refresh a Device =============================== -->
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<sect2 id="gparted-refresh-device">
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<title>Refreshing All Devices</title>
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<para>
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To refresh all disk devices, choose:
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<menuchoice><guimenu>GParted</guimenu><guimenuitem>Refresh Devices</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
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The application rescans all the disk devices and refreshes the device
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partition layout in the <application>&app;</application> window.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<!-- ============= To Create a New Partition Table =================== -->
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<sect2 id="gparted-create-partition-table">
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<title>Creating a New Partition Table</title>
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<para>
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To create a new partition table on a disk device:
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Select a disk device.
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See <xref linkend="gparted-select-device"/>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Choose:
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<menuchoice><guimenu>Device</guimenu><guimenuitem>Create Partition Table</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
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The application displays a
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<guilabel>Create partition table on <replaceable>/path-to-device</replaceable></guilabel>
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dialog.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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If you want a partition table other than msdos, click
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<guibutton>Advanced</guibutton> and select a partition table type
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from the list.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Click <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> to create the new partition table.
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The application writes the new partition table to the disk device.
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The application refreshes the device partition layout in the
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<application>&app;</application> window.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</para>
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<caution>
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<para>
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WARNING: This will ERASE ALL DATA on the ENTIRE DISK DEVICE.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you accidentally overwrite your partition table, see
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<xref linkend="gparted-recover-partition-table"/>.
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</para>
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</caution>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<!-- ============= Working with Partitions =========================== -->
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<sect1 id="gparted-partitions">
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<title>Working with Partitions</title>
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<!-- ============= Basic Partition Actions =========================== -->
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<sect2 id="gparted-basic-partition-actions">
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<title>Basic Partition Actions</title>
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<para>
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These actions will not alter partitions on your disk device.
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</para>
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<!-- ============= To Select a Partition ============================= -->
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<sect3 id="gparted-select-partition">
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<title>Selecting a Partition</title>
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<para>
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To select a partition, use one of the following:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Click on a partition in the graphic display area.
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|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click on a partition in the text display area.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The application highlights the partition in both the graphic
|
|
display area and the text display area in the
|
|
<application>&app;</application> window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition operations such as delete, resize, move, copy,
|
|
format, check, and label require the partition to be
|
|
unmounted.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-unmount-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Select Unallocated Space ======================= -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-select-unallocated">
|
|
<title>Selecting Unallocated Space</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To select unallocated space, use one of the following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click on <guilabel>unallocated</guilabel> in the graphic display area.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click on <guilabel>unallocated</guilabel> in the text display area.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The application highlights the unallocated space in both the graphic
|
|
display area and the text display area in the
|
|
<application>&app;</application> window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you do not have any disk devices with unallocated space,
|
|
you might try the following:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Add a new disk device to your computer.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Shrink a partition that contains unused space.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-resize-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To View Partition Information ===================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-view-partition-information">
|
|
<title>Viewing Partition Information</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To view information about a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select a partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Information</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application opens an <guilabel>Information about
|
|
<replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel> dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To close the <guilabel>Information about
|
|
<replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel> dialog,
|
|
click <guibutton>Close</guibutton>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Mount a Partition ============================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-mount-partition">
|
|
<title>Mounting a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To mount a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Mount</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
|
|
and select a mount point from the list.
|
|
The application mounts the partition on the mount point and
|
|
refreshes the device partition layout in the
|
|
<application>&app;</application> window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Mount</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
|
|
is not visible, then <application>&app;</application>
|
|
does not know where the partition should be mounted.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Unmount a Partition ============================ -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-unmount-partition">
|
|
<title>Unmounting a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To unmount a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select a mounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Unmount</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application unmounts the partition from the mount point and
|
|
refreshes the device partition layout in the
|
|
<application>&app;</application> window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Unmount</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
|
|
does not succeed, then the partition is probably in use.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To have all partitions unmounted and available for
|
|
partition editing actions, boot from a Live CD and
|
|
use <application>&app;</application>.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-acquire-livecd"/>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
<!-- ============= End of Basic Partition Actions ==================== -->
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Intermediate Partition Actions ==================== -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-intermediate-partition-actions">
|
|
<title>Intermediate Partition Actions</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
These actions will alter partitions on your disk device.
|
|
These actions will not modify the start or end boundaries
|
|
of your existing partitions.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Creating a New Partition ========================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-create-new-partition">
|
|
<title>Creating a New Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To create a new partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unallocated space on the disk device.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-unallocated"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays the <guilabel>Create new Partition</guilabel> dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the size and the location for the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-size-and-location"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the alignment for the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-alignment"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the type of partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-type"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the type of file system for the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-file-system"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the label for the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-label"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Add</guibutton> to add the create partition
|
|
operation to the operation queue.
|
|
The application displays the create partition operation
|
|
in the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane
|
|
in the <application>&app;</application> window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Delete a Partition ============================= -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-delete-partition">
|
|
<title>Deleting a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To delete a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Delete</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays the delete partition operation in
|
|
the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<caution>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you delete a logical partition, then all existing logical
|
|
partitions after the deleted logical partition will
|
|
experience changes in device names.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
For example, an extended partition contains four logical
|
|
partitions A, B, C, and D. These logical partitions are accessed by the
|
|
operating system as follows:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition A as /dev/sda5.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition B as /dev/sda6.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition C as /dev/sda7.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition D as /dev/sda8.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If partition B is deleted, then the remaining logical
|
|
partitions will be accessed by the operating system as follows:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition A as /dev/sda5.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition C as /dev/sda6. Note the change in device name.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Partition D as /dev/sda7. Note the change in device name.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Changes in a device name can cause problems if a
|
|
partition is mounted using a device name.
|
|
You can avoid the problem by using the label or
|
|
the Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) of
|
|
the partition when mounting the partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Changes in a device name might adversely affect the
|
|
following files:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
/etc/fstab - Contains a list of file systems to mount.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
/boot/grub/menu.lst - Contains operating system boot
|
|
instructions for the <application>grub</application>
|
|
boot loader.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</caution>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Format a Partition ============================= -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-format-partition">
|
|
<title>Formatting a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To format a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Format to</guimenuitem></menuchoice>,
|
|
and select a type of file system from the list.
|
|
The application displays the format partition operation
|
|
in the <guilabel>Operations Pending</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Set a Partition Label ========================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-setting-partition-label">
|
|
<title>Setting a Partition Label</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To set a label or a volume name for a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Label</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application opens a <guilabel>Set partition label on
|
|
<replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel> dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Type a label name in the <guilabel>Label </guilabel> text box.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays the set partition label operation
|
|
in the <guilabel>Operations Pending</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Specifying Partition Details ====================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-specify-partition-details">
|
|
<title>Specifying Partition Details</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specifying partition details is useful when performing actions
|
|
such as create, resize, and move.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Specify a Partition Size and Location ========== -->
|
|
<sect4 id="gparted-specify-partition-size-and-location">
|
|
<title>Specifying Partition Size and Location</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To specify the size and the location of the partition,
|
|
use one or a combination of the following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click-and-hold the arrow at either end of the graphic area.
|
|
Drag the arrow left or right within the display range.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click-and-hold the middle of the partition in the graphic area.
|
|
Drag the partition left or right within the display range.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click the spin button arrows, or type numeric values
|
|
to adjust the following fields:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<guilabel>Free Space Preceding</guilabel>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<guilabel>New Size</guilabel>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<guilabel>Free Space Following</guilabel>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The application refreshes both the graphic area
|
|
and the numbers beside the three field labels.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Specify a Partition Alignment ================== -->
|
|
<sect4 id="gparted-specify-partition-alignment">
|
|
<title>Specifying Partition Alignment</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To specify the alignment of the partition, use the
|
|
<guilabel>Round to cylinders</guilabel> check box.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To enable, select the <guilabel>Round to cylinders</guilabel>
|
|
check box.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To disable, deselect the <guilabel>Round to cylinders</guilabel>
|
|
check box.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When enabled, <guilabel>Round to cylinders</guilabel>
|
|
aligns partition boundaries on the cylinder boundaries
|
|
for the disk device. Enabled is the default setting.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want to maintain compatibility with old operating systems,
|
|
enable <guilabel>Round to cylinders</guilabel>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you do not want the start of an existing partition to move,
|
|
then disable <guilabel>Round to cylinders</guilabel>
|
|
and do not change the <guilabel>free space preceding</guilabel> value.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Specify a Partition Type ======================= -->
|
|
<sect4 id="gparted-specify-partition-type">
|
|
<title>Specifying Partition Type</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To specify the partition type, click the
|
|
<guilabel>Create as</guilabel> arrow button, and select from the list.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The msdos partition table limits partitions as follows:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Maximum of 4 primary partitions.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Maximum of 3 primary partitions, and 1 extended partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The extended partition can contain multiple logical
|
|
partitions.
|
|
Some GNU/Linux distributions support accessing at most
|
|
15 partitions on a disk device.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Maximum size of a partition is 2 Terabytes using
|
|
a sector size of 512 bytes. The partition must also
|
|
start within the first 2 Terabytes of the disk device.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Primary partitions provide better data recoverability
|
|
because the partition boundaries are stored at known
|
|
locations on the disk device.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Specify a Partition File System ================ -->
|
|
<sect4 id="gparted-specify-partition-file-system">
|
|
<title>Specifying Partition File System</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To specify the type of file system for the partition, click the
|
|
<guilabel>File System</guilabel> arrow button, and select from the list.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Examples of uses for some file systems are as follows:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Ext2, and ext3 file systems can be used for installing
|
|
GNU/Linux, and for data.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Linux-swap can be used with GNU/Linux to increase the
|
|
virtual memory of your computer.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Fat16 and fat32 file systems can be used to share
|
|
data between free and commercial operating systems.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Unformatted can be used if you want to create a
|
|
partition with no file system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Specify a Partition Label ====================== -->
|
|
<sect4 id="gparted-specify-partition-label">
|
|
<title>Specifying Partition Label</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To specify the partition label, also known as a volume label,
|
|
type a label name in the <guilabel>Label</guilabel> text box.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Labels can be used to help you remember what is stored in
|
|
the partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Unique labels can be used to mount file systems with the
|
|
GNU/Linux operating system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
<!-- ============= End of Specifying Partition Details =============== -->
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
<!-- ============= End of Intermediate Partition Actions ============= -->
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Advanced Partition Actions ======================== -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-advanced-partition-actions">
|
|
<title>Advanced Partition Actions</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
These actions will alter partitions on your disk device.
|
|
These actions might modify the start or end boundaries
|
|
of your existing partitions.
|
|
These actions might cause operating systems to fail to boot.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Resize a Partition ============================= -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-resize-partition">
|
|
<title>Resizing a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Resizing and moving a partition can be performed by a single
|
|
<application>&app;</application> operation.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To resize a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Resize/Move</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays the
|
|
<guilabel>Resize/Move <replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel>
|
|
dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Adjust the size of the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-size-and-location"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the alignment of the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-alignment"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Resize/Move</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays the resize/move partition operation
|
|
in the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Examine the operation that was added to the
|
|
<guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the operation involves a move step, then
|
|
consider the following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A move step might take a long time
|
|
to complete.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the partition is an operating system boot partition,
|
|
then a move step might cause the operating system
|
|
to fail to boot.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you are not prepared to wait
|
|
or to fix potential operating system boot problems,
|
|
then you might want to undo the operation.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-undo-last-operation"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To grow or move a partition, unallocated space must be available adjacent
|
|
to the partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you are growing a logical partition, then the unallocated space
|
|
must be within the extended partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you are growing a primary partition, then the unallocated space
|
|
must not be within the extended partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can move unallocated space to be inside or outside of the
|
|
extended partition by resizing the extended partition boundaries.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To improve the ability to shrink NTFS partitions, you
|
|
might consider one or more of the following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Defragment the file system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Booting into Safe Mode with the
|
|
commercial operating system that uses NTFS
|
|
can improve the ability to defragment
|
|
the file system.
|
|
To enter Safe Mode press <keycap>F8</keycap>
|
|
while your computer is booting
|
|
the operating system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Check the partition for errors with the following command:
|
|
<screen><prompt>C:> </prompt><command>chkdsk</command> /f /r</screen>
|
|
Remember to reboot back into the commercial operating system
|
|
that uses NTFS to allow the <command>chkdsk</command> command
|
|
to execute.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Temporarily disable the paging file.
|
|
The paging file occupies a fixed location
|
|
in the partition that the defragmentation
|
|
process is unable to move.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Temporarily move large files to another partition
|
|
or disk device. Large files are defined as greater
|
|
than a few hundred Megabytes (MB).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Ensure a proper shut down of the commercial operating
|
|
system that uses NTFS before you resize the NTFS
|
|
partition
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Leave at least 10 percent unused space in the NTFS partition.
|
|
If you shrink the partition too much,
|
|
then the commercial operating system might have difficulty
|
|
functioning properly.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Reboot twice into the commercial operating system that
|
|
uses NTFS after shrinking the NTFS partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Move a Partition =============================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-move-partition">
|
|
<title>Moving a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Moving and resizing a partition can be performed by a single
|
|
<application>&app;</application> operation.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To move a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Resize/Move</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays the
|
|
<guilabel>Resize/Move <replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel>
|
|
dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Adjust the location of the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-size-and-location"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the alignment of the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-alignment"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Resize/Move</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays the resize/move partition operation
|
|
in the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the partition is an operating system boot partition,
|
|
then the operating system might not boot after the move
|
|
operation is applied.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the operating system fails to boot, see
|
|
<xref linkend="gparted-fix-operating-system-boot-problems"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Copy and Paste a Partition ===================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-copy-and-paste-partition">
|
|
<title>Copying and Pasting a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To copy a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Copy</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application marks the partition as the
|
|
source partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To Paste a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unallocated space on a disk device.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-unallocated"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays the
|
|
<guilabel>Paste <replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel>
|
|
dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want you can adjust the size and location of the partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-size-and-location"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want you can specify the alignment of partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-specify-partition-alignment"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Paste</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays the copy partition operation
|
|
in the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<caution>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The copy of the partition has the same label
|
|
and the same Universally Unique Identifier (UUID)
|
|
as the source partition.
|
|
This can cause a problem when mount actions use the
|
|
partition label or the UUID to identify the partition.
|
|
The problem is that the label and the UUID are not unique.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You are advised to do one of the following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Change the UUID of the partition.
|
|
If the partition label is not blank, change the label
|
|
of the partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use some other method to ensure that the source
|
|
partition and the copy of the source partition
|
|
are not used on the same computer at the same time.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</caution>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Manage Partition Flags ========================= -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-manage-partition-flags">
|
|
<title>Managing Partition Flags</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To manage partition flags:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select a partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Manage Flags</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application opens a <guilabel>Manage flags on
|
|
<replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel> dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To enable a flag, select the check box beside the flag.
|
|
The application writes the enabled flag to the partition
|
|
and refreshes the <guilabel>Manage flags on
|
|
<replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel> dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To disable a flag, deselect the check box beside the flag.
|
|
The application writes the disabled flag to the partition
|
|
and refreshes the <guilabel>Manage flags on
|
|
<replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel> dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To close the <guilabel>Manage flags on
|
|
<replaceable>/path-to-partition</replaceable></guilabel> dialog,
|
|
click <guibutton>Close</guibutton>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A description of flags in an msdos partition table
|
|
follows:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Boot is used by some commercial operating system
|
|
boot loaders.
|
|
The boot flag indicates the partition is active
|
|
or bootable.
|
|
Only one partition on a disk device can be active.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Hidden is used by some commercial operating systems.
|
|
The hidden flag makes the partition invisible to the
|
|
operating system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
LBA is used by some commercial operating system
|
|
boot loaders.
|
|
The LBA flag indicates the partition should be
|
|
accessed using Logical Block Addressing (LBA), instead
|
|
of Cylinder-Head-Sector (CHS) addressing.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
LVM is used to indicate the partition is used by a
|
|
Logical Volume Manager (LVM).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Palo is used by the Precision Architecture -
|
|
Reduced Instruction Set Computing (PA-RISC)
|
|
boot loader, palo.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Prep is used to indicate the boot partition
|
|
on Power Performance Computing (PowerPC) hardware.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
RAID is used to indicate the partition is used in a
|
|
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Check a Partition ============================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-Check-partition">
|
|
<title>Checking a Partition</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Checking a partition will attempt to find and fix problems
|
|
in the file system.
|
|
Checking a partition will attempt to grow the file system
|
|
to fill the partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To check a partition:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Select an unmounted partition.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gparted-select-partition"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Partition</guimenu><guimenuitem>Check</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays the check partition operation
|
|
in the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= End of Advanced Partition Actions ================= -->
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Working with the Operation Queue ================== -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-operation-queue">
|
|
<title>Working with the Operation Queue</title>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Undo Last Operation ============================ -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-undo-last-operation">
|
|
<title>Undoing Last Operation</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To undo the last operation in the operation queue, choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Undo Last Operation</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application removes the last operation from the queue
|
|
displayed in the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
If there are no operations remaining in the queue,
|
|
the application closes the
|
|
<guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Clear All Operations =========================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-clear-all-operations">
|
|
<title>Clearing All Operations</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To clear all operations in the operation queue, choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Clear All Operations</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application removes all operations from the queue
|
|
and closes the <guilabel>Pending Operations</guilabel> pane.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= To Apply All Operations =========================== -->
|
|
<sect3 id="gparted-apply-all-operations">
|
|
<title>Applying All Operations</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To apply all operations:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Choose:
|
|
<menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Apply All Operations</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
|
|
The application displays an
|
|
<guilabel>Apply operations to device</guilabel> dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<caution>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Editing partitions has the potential to cause LOSS of DATA.
|
|
You are advised to backup your data before applying your
|
|
partition editing operations.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</caution>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Apply</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays an
|
|
<guilabel>Applying pending operations</guilabel> dialog.
|
|
The application applies each pending operation
|
|
in the order you created the operations.
|
|
The application displays a status update when each
|
|
operation is completed.
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To view more information,
|
|
click <guibutton>Details</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays more details about operations.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To view more information about the steps in each operation,
|
|
click the arrow button beside each step.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To stop the operations while they are executing,
|
|
click <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays a warning dialog.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You are advised to click
|
|
<guibutton>Continue Operation</guibutton>
|
|
because <guibutton>Cancel Operation</guibutton>
|
|
might cause SEVERE file system damage.
|
|
Cancel the operation only if you agree to
|
|
the consequences.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When the application finishes applying all operations,
|
|
the application displays the
|
|
<guibutton>Save Details</guibutton> button and the
|
|
<guibutton>Close</guibutton> button.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want to save the details from applying all operations,
|
|
then click <guibutton>Save Details</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays a <guilabel>Save Details</guilabel>
|
|
dialog.
|
|
<orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want to change the default file name,
|
|
then type a file name in the
|
|
<guilabel>Name</guilabel> text box.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want to save the file in a folder
|
|
different than /root,
|
|
Click <guibutton>Browse for other folders</guibutton>.
|
|
The application displays a file system navigator.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use the file system navigator to select a folder.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Save</guibutton> to save the file.
|
|
The application saves the details file.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<caution>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you use <application>&app;</application> from a Live CD, then
|
|
the root file system exists in RAM memory. All files saved
|
|
to the Live CD root file system will be lost when you shut down
|
|
the computer.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you saved the &app; details to the Live CD root file system,
|
|
then you need to copy the file to more permanent storage.
|
|
Examples of more permanent storage are a hard disk drive
|
|
or a USB flash memory drive.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</caution>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Click <guibutton>Close</guibutton>.
|
|
The application closes the
|
|
<guilabel>Applying pending operations</guilabel> dialog.
|
|
The application rescans all the disk devices and refreshes the device
|
|
partition layout in the <application>&app;</application> window.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= End of Working with the Operation Queue =========== -->
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Acquiring GParted on Live CD ====================== -->
|
|
<sect1 id="gparted-acquire-livecd">
|
|
<title>Acquiring GParted on Live CD</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A Live CD is a Compact Disc that contains a bootable operating system.
|
|
A Live CD enables you to boot your computer from the CD.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Using <application>&app;</application> from a Live CD
|
|
has the following advantages:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can edit all of your partitions
|
|
because the partitions are not mounted.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can edit partitions on computers that
|
|
do not have a bootable operating system.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <application>&app;</application> application is available on many
|
|
Live CD distributions.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can download a Live CD image containing
|
|
<application>&app;</application> from the following web sites:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
GParted Live CD
|
|
<ulink type="http" url="http://gparted.sourceforge.net/livecd.php"/>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
System Rescue CD
|
|
<ulink type="http" url="http://www.sysresccd.org"/>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<tip>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To avoid wasting a blank CD when burning a CD image file,
|
|
use the following tips:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Ensure the checksum of the downloaded file matches
|
|
the checksum posted on the download page.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Be sure to burn the .iso file as an image to the blank CD.
|
|
If you burn the .iso file as data to a blank CD then the
|
|
CD will not boot in your computer.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</tip>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Fixing Operating System Boot Problems ============= -->
|
|
<sect1 id="gparted-fix-operating-system-boot-problems">
|
|
<title>Fixing Operating System Boot Problems</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Your computer might fail to boot an operating system
|
|
when you perform one of the following actions:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Delete a partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Move a partition.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Install another operating system and
|
|
overwrite the Master Boot Record (MBR).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You are advised to consult documentation for your boot loader
|
|
to learn how to fix the problem.
|
|
You might consult the
|
|
<ulink type="http" url="http://gparted.sourceforge.net/faq.php">&appname; FAQ</ulink>,
|
|
or the
|
|
<ulink type="http" url="http://gparted.sourceforge.net/forum.php">&appname; forum</ulink>.
|
|
You might also use Internet search engines to learn how other people
|
|
have solved similar problems.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Fixing GRUB Boot Problem ========================== -->
|
|
<sect2 id="gparted-fix-grub-boot-problem">
|
|
<title>Fixing GRUB boot problem</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The Grand Unified Boot loader (GRUB) might fail to boot an
|
|
operating system if you do one of the following:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Move the partition containing the GRUB stage2 file.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Install a new operating system that overwrites the
|
|
Master Boot Record (MBR).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To fix these problems, you will need to reinstall the GRUB
|
|
boot record using the following steps:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Start the <application>grub</application> application
|
|
from the command line.
|
|
<screen><prompt>$ </prompt><command>grub</command></screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Find where <application>grub</application> stage1 is located by using
|
|
one of the following:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the /boot folder is stored in the / partition,
|
|
use the command:
|
|
<screen><prompt>grub> </prompt><command>find</command> /boot/grub/stage1</screen>
|
|
If the /boot folder is stored in a partition
|
|
different than the / partition, use the command:
|
|
<screen><prompt>grub> </prompt><command>find</command> /grub/stage1</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The output from the <command>find</command> command might
|
|
look like the following:
|
|
<screen><computeroutput> <replaceable>(hd0,0)</replaceable></computeroutput></screen>
|
|
If more than one line is listed in the command output,
|
|
you will need to decide which device you use for <application>grub</application>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Set the <application>grub</application> root device
|
|
by specifying the device returned
|
|
by the <command>find</command> command.
|
|
<screen><prompt>grub> </prompt>root <replaceable>(hd0,0)</replaceable></screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Reinstall <application>grub</application>
|
|
by specifying the device returned
|
|
by the <command>find</command> command.
|
|
<screen><prompt>grub> </prompt>setup <replaceable>(hd0,0)</replaceable></screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Exit <application>grub</application>.
|
|
<screen><prompt>grub> </prompt>quit</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Reboot your computer.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <application>grub</application> application is included on
|
|
each Live CD listed in
|
|
<xref linkend="gparted-acquire-livecd"/>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= End of Fixing Operating System Boot Problems ====== -->
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ============= Recovering Partition Tables ======================= -->
|
|
<sect1 id="gparted-recover-partition-table">
|
|
<title>Recovering Partition Tables</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you accidentally overwrite your partition table, there is a chance
|
|
that you might be able to recover it.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <application>testdisk</application> application is designed to help
|
|
recover lost partitions. For more information about
|
|
<application>testdisk</application>, see
|
|
<ulink type="http" url="http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk"/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <application>testdisk</application> application is included on
|
|
each Live CD listed in
|
|
<xref linkend="gparted-acquire-livecd"/>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
</article>
|