hf_text-generation-inference/server/marlin/marlin_kernels/marlin_cuda_kernel.cu

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/*
* Modified by Neural Magic
* Copyright (C) Marlin.2024 Elias Frantar
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#include <torch/all.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_fp16.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <iostream>
template <typename T>
inline std::string str(T x) {
return std::to_string(x);
}
namespace marlin_dense {
constexpr int ceildiv(int a, int b) { return (a + b - 1) / b; }
#if defined(__CUDA_ARCH__) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= 800
// Instances of `Vec` are used to organize groups of >>registers<<, as needed
// for instance as inputs to tensor core operations. Consequently, all
// corresponding index accesses must be compile-time constants, which is why we
// extensively use `#pragma unroll` throughout the kernel code to guarantee
// this.
template <typename T, int n>
struct Vec {
T elems[n];
__device__ T& operator[](int i) { return elems[i]; }
};
using I4 = Vec<int, 4>;
// Matrix fragments for tensor core instructions; their precise layout is
// documented here:
// https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html#matrix-fragments-for-mma-m16n8k16-with-floating-point-type
using FragA = Vec<half2, 4>;
using FragB = Vec<half2, 2>;
using FragC = Vec<float, 4>;
using FragS = Vec<half2, 1>; // quantization scales
// Predicated asynchronous global->shared copy; used for inputs A where we apply
// predication to handle batchsizes that are not multiples of 16.
__device__ inline void cp_async4_pred(void* smem_ptr, const void* glob_ptr,
bool pred = true) {
const int BYTES = 16;
uint32_t smem = static_cast<uint32_t>(__cvta_generic_to_shared(smem_ptr));
asm volatile(
"{\n"
" .reg .pred p;\n"
" setp.ne.b32 p, %0, 0;\n"
" @p cp.async.cg.shared.global [%1], [%2], %3;\n"
"}\n" ::"r"((int)pred),
"r"(smem), "l"(glob_ptr), "n"(BYTES));
}
// Asynchronous global->shared copy
__device__ inline void cp_async4(void* smem_ptr, const void* glob_ptr) {
const int BYTES = 16;
uint32_t smem = static_cast<uint32_t>(__cvta_generic_to_shared(smem_ptr));
asm volatile(
"{\n"
" cp.async.cg.shared.global [%0], [%1], %2;\n"
"}\n" ::"r"(smem),
"l"(glob_ptr), "n"(BYTES));
}
// Async copy fence.
__device__ inline void cp_async_fence() {
asm volatile("cp.async.commit_group;\n" ::);
}
// Wait until at most `n` async copy stages are still pending.
template <int n>
__device__ inline void cp_async_wait() {
asm volatile("cp.async.wait_group %0;\n" ::"n"(n));
}
// m16n8k16 tensor core mma instruction with fp16 inputs and fp32
// output/accumulation.
__device__ inline void mma(const FragA& a_frag, const FragB& frag_b,
FragC& frag_c) {
const uint32_t* a = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(&a_frag);
const uint32_t* b = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(&frag_b);
float* c = reinterpret_cast<float*>(&frag_c);
asm volatile(
"mma.sync.aligned.m16n8k16.row.col.f32.f16.f16.f32 "
"{%0,%1,%2,%3}, {%4,%5,%6,%7}, {%8,%9}, {%10,%11,%12,%13};\n"
: "=f"(c[0]), "=f"(c[1]), "=f"(c[2]), "=f"(c[3])
: "r"(a[0]), "r"(a[1]), "r"(a[2]), "r"(a[3]), "r"(b[0]), "r"(b[1]),
"f"(c[0]), "f"(c[1]), "f"(c[2]), "f"(c[3]));
}
// Instruction for loading a full 16x16 matrix fragment of operand A from shared
// memory, directly in tensor core layout.
__device__ inline void ldsm4(FragA& frag_a, const void* smem_ptr) {
uint32_t* a = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(&frag_a);
uint32_t smem = static_cast<uint32_t>(__cvta_generic_to_shared(smem_ptr));
asm volatile("ldmatrix.sync.aligned.m8n8.x4.shared.b16 {%0,%1,%2,%3}, [%4];\n"
: "=r"(a[0]), "=r"(a[1]), "=r"(a[2]), "=r"(a[3])
: "r"(smem));
}
// Lookup-table based 3-input logical operation; explicitly used for
// dequantization as the compiler does not seem to automatically recognize it in
// all cases.
template <int lut>
__device__ inline int lop3(int a, int b, int c) {
int res;
asm volatile("lop3.b32 %0, %1, %2, %3, %4;\n"
: "=r"(res)
: "r"(a), "r"(b), "r"(c), "n"(lut));
return res;
}
// Efficiently dequantize an int32 value into a full B-fragment of 4 fp16
// values. We mostly follow the strategy in the link below, with some small
// changes:
// https://github.com/NVIDIA/FasterTransformer/blob/main/src/fastertransformer/cutlass_extensions/include/cutlass_extensions/interleaved_numeric_conversion.h
__device__ inline FragB dequant(int q) {
const int LO = 0x000f000f;
const int HI = 0x00f000f0;
const int EX = 0x64006400;
// Guarantee that the `(a & b) | c` operations are LOP3s.
int lo = lop3<(0xf0 & 0xcc) | 0xaa>(q, LO, EX);
int hi = lop3<(0xf0 & 0xcc) | 0xaa>(q, HI, EX);
// We want signed int4 outputs, hence we fuse the `-8` symmetric zero point
// directly into `SUB` and `ADD`.
const int SUB = 0x64086408;
const int MUL = 0x2c002c00;
const int ADD = 0xd480d480;
FragB frag_b;
frag_b[0] = __hsub2(*reinterpret_cast<half2*>(&lo),
*reinterpret_cast<const half2*>(&SUB));
frag_b[1] = __hfma2(*reinterpret_cast<half2*>(&hi),
*reinterpret_cast<const half2*>(&MUL),
*reinterpret_cast<const half2*>(&ADD));
return frag_b;
}
// Multiply dequantized values by the corresponding quantization scale; used
// only for grouped quantization.
__device__ inline void scale(FragB& frag_b, FragS& frag_s, int i) {
half2 s = __half2half2(reinterpret_cast<__half*>(&frag_s)[i]);
frag_b[0] = __hmul2(frag_b[0], s);
frag_b[1] = __hmul2(frag_b[1], s);
}
// Wait until barrier reaches `count`, then lock for current threadblock.
__device__ inline void barrier_acquire(int* lock, int count) {
if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
int state = -1;
do
// Guarantee that subsequent writes by this threadblock will be visible
// globally.
asm volatile("ld.global.acquire.gpu.b32 %0, [%1];\n"
: "=r"(state)
: "l"(lock));
while (state != count);
}
__syncthreads();
}
// Release barrier and increment visitation count.
__device__ inline void barrier_release(int* lock, bool reset = false) {
__syncthreads();
if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
if (reset) {
lock[0] = 0;
return;
}
int val = 1;
// Make sure that all writes since acquiring this barrier are visible
// globally, while releasing the barrier.
asm volatile("fence.acq_rel.gpu;\n");
asm volatile("red.relaxed.gpu.global.add.s32 [%0], %1;\n"
:
: "l"(lock), "r"(val));
}
}
template <const int threads, // number of threads in a threadblock
const int thread_m_blocks, // number of 16x16 blocks in the m
// dimension (batchsize) of the
// threadblock
const int thread_n_blocks, // same for n dimension (output)
const int thread_k_blocks, // same for k dimension (reduction)
const int stages, // number of stages for the async global->shared
// fetch pipeline
const int group_blocks = -1 // number of consecutive 16x16 blocks
// with a separate quantization scale
>
__global__ void Marlin(
const int4* __restrict__ A, // fp16 input matrix of shape mxk
const int4* __restrict__ B, // 4bit quantized weight matrix of shape kxn
int4* __restrict__ C, // fp16 output buffer of shape mxn
const int4* __restrict__ s, // fp16 quantization scales of shape
// (k/groupsize)xn
int prob_m, // batch dimension m
int prob_n, // output dimension n
int prob_k, // reduction dimension k
int* locks // extra global storage for barrier synchronization
) {
// Each threadblock processes one "stripe" of the B matrix with (roughly) the
// same size, which might involve multiple column "slices" (of width 16 *
// `thread_n_blocks`). Stripes are defined as shown in the 3x3 matrix 5 SM
// example:
// 0 1 3
// 0 2 3
// 1 2 4
// While this kind of partitioning makes things somewhat more complicated, it
// ensures good utilization of all SMs for many kinds of shape and GPU
// configurations, while requiring as few slow global cross-threadblock
// reductions as possible.
// For larger GEMMs we run multiple batchsize 64 versions in parallel for a
// better partitioning with less reductions
int parallel = 1;
if (prob_m > 16 * thread_m_blocks) {
parallel = prob_m / (16 * thread_m_blocks);
prob_m = 16 * thread_m_blocks;
}
int k_tiles = prob_k / 16 / thread_k_blocks;
int n_tiles = prob_n / 16 / thread_n_blocks;
int iters = ceildiv(k_tiles * n_tiles * parallel, gridDim.x);
// Ensure that the number of tiles in each stripe is a multiple of the
// groupsize; this avoids an annoying special case where a stripe starts in
// the middle of group.
if (group_blocks != -1)
iters = (group_blocks / thread_k_blocks) *
ceildiv(iters, (group_blocks / thread_k_blocks));
int slice_row = (iters * blockIdx.x) % k_tiles;
int slice_col_par = (iters * blockIdx.x) / k_tiles;
int slice_col = slice_col_par;
int slice_iters; // number of threadblock tiles in the current slice
int slice_count =
0; // total number of active threadblocks in the current slice
int slice_idx; // index of threadblock in current slice; numbered bottom to
// top
// We can easily implement parallel problem execution by just remapping
// indices and advancing global pointers
if (slice_col_par >= n_tiles) {
A += (slice_col_par / n_tiles) * 16 * thread_m_blocks * prob_k / 8;
C += (slice_col_par / n_tiles) * 16 * thread_m_blocks * prob_n / 8;
locks += (slice_col_par / n_tiles) * n_tiles;
slice_col = slice_col_par % n_tiles;
}
// Compute all information about the current slice which is required for
// synchronization.
auto init_slice = [&]() {
slice_iters =
iters * (blockIdx.x + 1) - (k_tiles * slice_col_par + slice_row);
if (slice_iters < 0 || slice_col_par >= n_tiles * parallel) slice_iters = 0;
if (slice_iters == 0) return;
if (slice_row + slice_iters > k_tiles) slice_iters = k_tiles - slice_row;
slice_count = 1;
slice_idx = 0;
int col_first = iters * ceildiv(k_tiles * slice_col_par, iters);
if (col_first <= k_tiles * (slice_col_par + 1)) {
int col_off = col_first - k_tiles * slice_col_par;
slice_count = ceildiv(k_tiles - col_off, iters);
if (col_off > 0) slice_count++;
int delta_first = iters * blockIdx.x - col_first;
if (delta_first < 0 || (col_off == 0 && delta_first == 0))
slice_idx = slice_count - 1;
else {
slice_idx = slice_count - 1 - delta_first / iters;
if (col_off > 0) slice_idx--;
}
}
if (slice_col == n_tiles) {
A += 16 * thread_m_blocks * prob_k / 8;
C += 16 * thread_m_blocks * prob_n / 8;
locks += n_tiles;
slice_col = 0;
}
};
init_slice();
int a_gl_stride = prob_k / 8; // stride of the A matrix in global memory
// We typically use `constexpr` to indicate that this value is a compile-time
// constant
constexpr int a_sh_stride =
16 * thread_k_blocks / 8; // stride of an A matrix tile in shared memory
constexpr int a_gl_rd_delta_o =
16 * thread_k_blocks /
8; // delta between subsequent A tiles in global memory
int a_gl_rd_delta_i =
a_gl_stride *
(threads / a_gl_rd_delta_o); // between subsequent accesses within a tile
constexpr int a_sh_wr_delta =
a_sh_stride *
(threads / a_gl_rd_delta_o); // between shared memory writes
constexpr int a_sh_rd_delta_o =
2 * ((threads / 32) /
(thread_n_blocks / 4)); // between shared memory tile reads
constexpr int a_sh_rd_delta_i =
a_sh_stride * 16; // within a shared memory tile
constexpr int a_sh_stage =
a_sh_stride * (16 * thread_m_blocks); // overall size of a tile
constexpr int a_sh_wr_iters =
ceildiv(a_sh_stage,
a_sh_wr_delta); // number of shared write iterations for a tile
int b_gl_stride = 16 * prob_n / 32;
constexpr int b_sh_stride = 32 * thread_n_blocks / 4;
int b_gl_rd_delta_o = b_gl_stride * thread_k_blocks;
int b_gl_rd_delta_i = b_gl_stride * (threads / b_sh_stride);
constexpr int b_sh_wr_delta = threads;
constexpr int b_sh_rd_delta = threads;
constexpr int b_sh_stage = b_sh_stride * thread_k_blocks;
constexpr int b_sh_wr_iters = b_sh_stage / b_sh_wr_delta;
int s_gl_stride = prob_n / 8;
constexpr int s_sh_stride = 16 * thread_n_blocks / 8;
constexpr int s_sh_stage = s_sh_stride;
int s_gl_rd_delta = s_gl_stride;
// Global A read index of current thread.
int a_gl_rd = a_gl_stride * (threadIdx.x / a_gl_rd_delta_o) +
(threadIdx.x % a_gl_rd_delta_o);
a_gl_rd += a_gl_rd_delta_o * slice_row;
// Shared write index of current thread.
int a_sh_wr = a_sh_stride * (threadIdx.x / a_gl_rd_delta_o) +
(threadIdx.x % a_gl_rd_delta_o);
// Shared read index.
int a_sh_rd =
a_sh_stride * ((threadIdx.x % 32) % 16) + (threadIdx.x % 32) / 16;
a_sh_rd += 2 * ((threadIdx.x / 32) / (thread_n_blocks / 4));
int b_gl_rd =
b_gl_stride * (threadIdx.x / b_sh_stride) + (threadIdx.x % b_sh_stride);
b_gl_rd += b_sh_stride * slice_col;
b_gl_rd += b_gl_rd_delta_o * slice_row;
int b_sh_wr = threadIdx.x;
int b_sh_rd = threadIdx.x;
int s_gl_rd = s_gl_stride * ((thread_k_blocks * slice_row) / group_blocks) +
s_sh_stride * slice_col + threadIdx.x;
int s_sh_wr = threadIdx.x;
int s_sh_rd;
// We use a different scale layout for grouped and column-wise quantization as
// we scale a `half2` tile in column-major layout in the former and in
// row-major in the latter case.
if (group_blocks != -1)
s_sh_rd = 8 * ((threadIdx.x / 32) % (thread_n_blocks / 4)) +
(threadIdx.x % 32) / 4;
else
s_sh_rd = 8 * ((threadIdx.x / 32) % (thread_n_blocks / 4)) +
(threadIdx.x % 32) % 4;
// Precompute which thread should not read memory in which iterations; this is
// needed if there are more threads than required for a certain tilesize or
// when the batchsize is not a multiple of 16.
bool a_sh_wr_pred[a_sh_wr_iters];
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < a_sh_wr_iters; i++)
a_sh_wr_pred[i] = a_sh_wr_delta * i + a_sh_wr < a_sh_stride * prob_m;
bool s_sh_wr_pred = threadIdx.x < s_sh_stride;
// To ensure that writing and reading A tiles to/from shared memory, the
// latter in fragment format, is fully bank conflict free, we need to use a
// rather fancy XOR-based layout. The key here is that neither reads nor
// writes of the 16-byte `int4` blocks of 8 consecutive threads involve the
// same shared memory banks. Further, it seems (based on NSight-Compute) that
// each warp must also write a consecutive memory segment?
auto transform_a = [&](int i) {
int row = i / a_gl_rd_delta_o;
return a_gl_rd_delta_o * row + (i % a_gl_rd_delta_o) ^ row;
};
// Since the computation of this remapping is non-trivial and, due to our main
// loop unrolls, all shared memory accesses are static, we simply precompute
// both transformed reads and writes.
int a_sh_wr_trans[a_sh_wr_iters];
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < a_sh_wr_iters; i++)
a_sh_wr_trans[i] = transform_a(a_sh_wr_delta * i + a_sh_wr);
int a_sh_rd_trans[b_sh_wr_iters][thread_m_blocks];
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < b_sh_wr_iters; i++) {
#pragma unroll
for (int j = 0; j < thread_m_blocks; j++)
a_sh_rd_trans[i][j] =
transform_a(a_sh_rd_delta_o * i + a_sh_rd_delta_i * j + a_sh_rd);
}
// Since B-accesses have non-constant stride they have to be computed at
// runtime; we break dependencies between subsequent accesses with a tile by
// maintining multiple pointers (we have enough registers), a tiny
// optimization.
const int4* B_ptr[b_sh_wr_iters];
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < b_sh_wr_iters; i++)
B_ptr[i] = B + b_gl_rd_delta_i * i + b_gl_rd;
extern __shared__ int4 sh[];
// Shared memory storage for global fetch pipelines.
int4* sh_a = sh;
int4* sh_b = sh_a + (stages * a_sh_stage);
int4* sh_s = sh_b + (stages * b_sh_stage);
// Register storage for double buffer of shared memory reads.
FragA frag_a[2][thread_m_blocks];
I4 frag_b_quant[2];
FragC frag_c[thread_m_blocks][4][2];
FragS frag_s[2][4];
// Zero accumulators.
auto zero_accums = [&]() {
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < thread_m_blocks * 4 * 2 * 4; i++)
reinterpret_cast<float*>(frag_c)[i] = 0;
};
// Asynchronously fetch the next A, B and s tile from global to the next
// shared memory pipeline location.
auto fetch_to_shared = [&](int pipe, int a_off, bool pred = true) {
if (pred) {
int4* sh_a_stage = sh_a + a_sh_stage * pipe;
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < a_sh_wr_iters; i++) {
cp_async4_pred(
&sh_a_stage[a_sh_wr_trans[i]],
&A[a_gl_rd_delta_i * i + a_gl_rd + a_gl_rd_delta_o * a_off],
a_sh_wr_pred[i]);
}
int4* sh_b_stage = sh_b + b_sh_stage * pipe;
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < b_sh_wr_iters; i++) {
cp_async4(&sh_b_stage[b_sh_wr_delta * i + b_sh_wr], B_ptr[i]);
B_ptr[i] += b_gl_rd_delta_o;
}
// Only fetch scales if this tile starts a new group
if (group_blocks != -1 && pipe % (group_blocks / thread_k_blocks) == 0) {
int4* sh_s_stage = sh_s + s_sh_stage * pipe;
if (s_sh_wr_pred) cp_async4(&sh_s_stage[s_sh_wr], &s[s_gl_rd]);
s_gl_rd += s_gl_rd_delta;
}
}
// Insert a fence even when we are winding down the pipeline to ensure that
// waiting is also correct at this point.
cp_async_fence();
};
// Wait until the next thread tile has been loaded to shared memory.
auto wait_for_stage = [&]() {
// We only have `stages - 2` active fetches since we are double buffering
// and can only issue the next fetch when it is guaranteed that the previous
// shared memory load is fully complete (as it may otherwise be
// overwritten).
cp_async_wait<stages - 2>();
__syncthreads();
};
// Load the next sub-tile from the current location in the shared memory pipe
// into the current register buffer.
auto fetch_to_registers = [&](int k, int pipe) {
// It may seem inefficient that we reload the groups for every sub-tile;
// however, this does not seem to be a significant bottleneck, while some
// theoretically better attempts have lead to bad instruction ordering by
// the compiler and correspondingly a noticeable drop in performance.
if (group_blocks != -1) {
int4* sh_s_stage =
sh_s + s_sh_stage * ((group_blocks / thread_k_blocks) *
(pipe / (group_blocks / thread_k_blocks)));
reinterpret_cast<int4*>(&frag_s[k % 2])[0] = sh_s_stage[s_sh_rd];
}
int4* sh_a_stage = sh_a + a_sh_stage * pipe;
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < thread_m_blocks; i++)
ldsm4(frag_a[k % 2][i], &sh_a_stage[a_sh_rd_trans[k % b_sh_wr_iters][i]]);
int4* sh_b_stage = sh_b + b_sh_stage * pipe;
frag_b_quant[k % 2] = *reinterpret_cast<I4*>(
&sh_b_stage[b_sh_rd_delta * (k % b_sh_wr_iters) + b_sh_rd]);
};
// Execute the actual tensor core matmul of a sub-tile.
auto matmul = [&](int k) {
// We have the m dimension as the inner loop in order to encourage overlapping
// dequantization and matmul operations.
#pragma unroll
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
int b_quant = frag_b_quant[k % 2][j];
int b_quant_shift = b_quant >> 8;
FragB frag_b0 = dequant(b_quant);
// If there are no groups, we can just scale the final output once and can
// avoid doing so for each weight.
if (group_blocks != -1) scale(frag_b0, frag_s[k % 2][j], 0);
FragB frag_b1 = dequant(b_quant_shift);
if (group_blocks != -1) scale(frag_b1, frag_s[k % 2][j], 1);
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < thread_m_blocks; i++) {
mma(frag_a[k % 2][i], frag_b0, frag_c[i][j][0]);
mma(frag_a[k % 2][i], frag_b1, frag_c[i][j][1]);
}
}
};
// Since we slice across the k dimension of a tile in order to increase the
// number of warps while keeping the n dimension of a tile reasonable, we have
// multiple warps that accumulate their partial sums of the same output
// location; which we have to reduce over in the end. We do in shared memory.
auto thread_block_reduce = [&]() {
constexpr int red_off = threads / b_sh_stride / 2;
if (red_off >= 1) {
int red_idx = threadIdx.x / b_sh_stride;
constexpr int red_sh_stride = b_sh_stride * 4 * 2;
constexpr int red_sh_delta = b_sh_stride;
int red_sh_rd = red_sh_stride * (threadIdx.x / b_sh_stride) +
(threadIdx.x % b_sh_stride);
// Parallel logarithmic shared memory reduction. We make sure to avoid any
// unnecessary read or write iterations, e.g., for two warps we write only
// once by warp 1 and read only once by warp 0.
#pragma unroll
for (int m_block = 0; m_block < thread_m_blocks; m_block++) {
#pragma unroll
for (int i = red_off; i > 0; i /= 2) {
if (i <= red_idx && red_idx < 2 * i) {
#pragma unroll
for (int j = 0; j < 4 * 2; j++) {
int red_sh_wr =
red_sh_delta * j + (red_sh_rd - red_sh_stride * i);
if (i < red_off) {
float* c_rd =
reinterpret_cast<float*>(&sh[red_sh_delta * j + red_sh_rd]);
float* c_wr = reinterpret_cast<float*>(&sh[red_sh_wr]);
#pragma unroll
for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++)
reinterpret_cast<FragC*>(frag_c)[4 * 2 * m_block + j][k] +=
c_rd[k] + c_wr[k];
}
sh[red_sh_wr] =
reinterpret_cast<int4*>(&frag_c)[4 * 2 * m_block + j];
}
}
__syncthreads();
}
if (red_idx == 0) {
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < 4 * 2; i++) {
float* c_rd =
reinterpret_cast<float*>(&sh[red_sh_delta * i + red_sh_rd]);
#pragma unroll
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
reinterpret_cast<FragC*>(frag_c)[4 * 2 * m_block + i][j] +=
c_rd[j];
}
}
__syncthreads();
}
}
};
// Since multiple threadblocks may process parts of the same column slice, we
// finally have to globally reduce over the results. As the striped
// partitioning minimizes the number of such reductions and our outputs are
// usually rather small, we perform this reduction serially in L2 cache.
auto global_reduce = [&](bool first = false, bool last = false) {
// We are very careful here to reduce directly in the output buffer to
// maximize L2 cache utilization in this step. To do this, we write out
// results in FP16 (but still reduce with FP32 compute).
constexpr int active_threads = 32 * thread_n_blocks / 4;
if (threadIdx.x < active_threads) {
int c_gl_stride = prob_n / 8;
int c_gl_wr_delta_o = 8 * c_gl_stride;
int c_gl_wr_delta_i = 4 * (active_threads / 32);
int c_gl_wr = c_gl_stride * ((threadIdx.x % 32) / 4) +
4 * (threadIdx.x / 32) + threadIdx.x % 4;
c_gl_wr += (2 * thread_n_blocks) * slice_col;
constexpr int c_sh_wr_delta = active_threads;
int c_sh_wr = threadIdx.x;
int row = (threadIdx.x % 32) / 4;
if (!first) {
// Interestingly, doing direct global accesses here really seems to mess up
// the compiler and lead to slowdowns, hence we also use async-copies even
// though these fetches are not actually asynchronous.
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < thread_m_blocks * 4; i++) {
cp_async4_pred(
&sh[c_sh_wr + c_sh_wr_delta * i],
&C[c_gl_wr + c_gl_wr_delta_o * (i / 2) +
c_gl_wr_delta_i * (i % 2)],
i < (thread_m_blocks - 1) * 4 || 8 * (i / 2) + row < prob_m);
}
cp_async_fence();
cp_async_wait<0>();
}
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < thread_m_blocks * 4; i++) {
if (i < (thread_m_blocks - 1) * 4 || 8 * (i / 2) + row < prob_m) {
if (!first) {
int4 c_red = sh[c_sh_wr + i * c_sh_wr_delta];
#pragma unroll
for (int j = 0; j < 2 * 4; j++) {
reinterpret_cast<float*>(
&frag_c)[4 * 2 * 4 * (i / 4) + 4 * j + (i % 4)] +=
__half2float(reinterpret_cast<__half*>(&c_red)[j]);
}
}
if (!last) {
int4 c;
#pragma unroll
for (int j = 0; j < 2 * 4; j++) {
reinterpret_cast<__half*>(&c)[j] =
__float2half(reinterpret_cast<float*>(
&frag_c)[4 * 2 * 4 * (i / 4) + 4 * j + (i % 4)]);
}
C[c_gl_wr + c_gl_wr_delta_o * (i / 2) + c_gl_wr_delta_i * (i % 2)] =
c;
}
}
}
}
};
// Write out the reduce final result in the correct layout. We only actually
// reshuffle matrix fragments in this step, the reduction above is performed
// in fragment layout.
auto write_result = [&]() {
int c_gl_stride = prob_n / 8;
constexpr int c_sh_stride = 2 * thread_n_blocks + 1;
int c_gl_wr_delta = c_gl_stride * (threads / (2 * thread_n_blocks));
constexpr int c_sh_rd_delta =
c_sh_stride * (threads / (2 * thread_n_blocks));
int c_gl_wr = c_gl_stride * (threadIdx.x / (2 * thread_n_blocks)) +
(threadIdx.x % (2 * thread_n_blocks));
c_gl_wr += (2 * thread_n_blocks) * slice_col;
int c_sh_wr =
(4 * c_sh_stride) * ((threadIdx.x % 32) / 4) + (threadIdx.x % 32) % 4;
c_sh_wr += 32 * (threadIdx.x / 32);
int c_sh_rd = c_sh_stride * (threadIdx.x / (2 * thread_n_blocks)) +
(threadIdx.x % (2 * thread_n_blocks));
int c_gl_wr_end = c_gl_stride * prob_m;
// We first reorder in shared memory to guarantee the most efficient final
// global write patterns
auto write = [&](int idx, float c0, float c1, FragS& s) {
half2 res = __halves2half2(__float2half(c0), __float2half(c1));
if (group_blocks ==
-1) // for per-column quantization we finally apply the scale here
res = __hmul2(res, s[0]);
((half2*)sh)[idx] = res;
};
if (threadIdx.x / 32 < thread_n_blocks / 4) {
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < thread_m_blocks; i++) {
#pragma unroll
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
int wr = c_sh_wr + 8 * j;
write(wr + (4 * c_sh_stride) * 0 + 0, frag_c[i][j][0][0],
frag_c[i][j][0][1], frag_s[j / 2][2 * (j % 2) + 0]);
write(wr + (4 * c_sh_stride) * 8 + 0, frag_c[i][j][0][2],
frag_c[i][j][0][3], frag_s[j / 2][2 * (j % 2) + 0]);
write(wr + (4 * c_sh_stride) * 0 + 4, frag_c[i][j][1][0],
frag_c[i][j][1][1], frag_s[j / 2][2 * (j % 2) + 1]);
write(wr + (4 * c_sh_stride) * 8 + 4, frag_c[i][j][1][2],
frag_c[i][j][1][3], frag_s[j / 2][2 * (j % 2) + 1]);
}
c_sh_wr += 16 * (4 * c_sh_stride);
}
}
__syncthreads();
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0;
i < ceildiv(16 * thread_m_blocks, threads / (2 * thread_n_blocks));
i++) {
if (c_gl_wr < c_gl_wr_end) {
C[c_gl_wr] = sh[c_sh_rd];
c_gl_wr += c_gl_wr_delta;
c_sh_rd += c_sh_rd_delta;
}
}
};
// Start global fetch and register load pipelines.
auto start_pipes = [&]() {
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < stages - 1; i++) fetch_to_shared(i, i, i < slice_iters);
zero_accums();
wait_for_stage();
fetch_to_registers(0, 0);
a_gl_rd += a_gl_rd_delta_o * (stages - 1);
};
start_pipes();
// Main loop.
while (slice_iters) {
// We unroll over both the global fetch and the register load pipeline to
// ensure all shared memory accesses are static. Note that both pipelines have
// even length meaning that the next iteration will always start at index 0.
#pragma unroll
for (int pipe = 0; pipe < stages;) {
#pragma unroll
for (int k = 0; k < b_sh_wr_iters; k++) {
fetch_to_registers(k + 1, pipe % stages);
if (k == b_sh_wr_iters - 2) {
fetch_to_shared((pipe + stages - 1) % stages, pipe,
slice_iters >= stages);
pipe++;
wait_for_stage();
}
matmul(k);
}
slice_iters--;
if (slice_iters == 0) break;
}
a_gl_rd += a_gl_rd_delta_o * stages;
// Process results and, if necessary, proceed to the next column slice.
// While this pattern may not be the most readable, other ways of writing
// the loop seemed to noticeably worse performance after compilation.
if (slice_iters == 0) {
cp_async_wait<0>();
bool last = slice_idx == slice_count - 1;
// For per-column scales, we only fetch them here in the final step before
// write-out
if (group_blocks == -1 && last) {
if (s_sh_wr_pred) cp_async4(&sh_s[s_sh_wr], &s[s_gl_rd]);
cp_async_fence();
}
thread_block_reduce();
if (group_blocks == -1 && last) {
cp_async_wait<0>();
__syncthreads();
if (threadIdx.x / 32 < thread_n_blocks / 4) {
reinterpret_cast<int4*>(&frag_s)[0] = sh_s[s_sh_rd + 0];
reinterpret_cast<int4*>(&frag_s)[1] = sh_s[s_sh_rd + 4];
}
}
if (slice_count > 1) { // only globally reduce if there is more than one
// block in a slice
barrier_acquire(&locks[slice_col], slice_idx);
global_reduce(slice_idx == 0, last);
barrier_release(&locks[slice_col], last);
}
if (last) // only the last block in a slice actually writes the result
write_result();
slice_row = 0;
slice_col_par++;
slice_col++;
init_slice();
if (slice_iters) {
a_gl_rd = a_gl_stride * (threadIdx.x / a_gl_rd_delta_o) +
(threadIdx.x % a_gl_rd_delta_o);
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < b_sh_wr_iters; i++)
B_ptr[i] += b_sh_stride - b_gl_rd_delta_o * k_tiles;
if (slice_col == 0) {
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < b_sh_wr_iters; i++) B_ptr[i] -= b_gl_stride;
}
s_gl_rd = s_sh_stride * slice_col + threadIdx.x;
start_pipes();
}
}
}
}
#else
template <const int threads, // number of threads in a threadblock
const int thread_m_blocks, // number of 16x16 blocks in the m
// dimension (batchsize) of the
// threadblock
const int thread_n_blocks, // same for n dimension (output)
const int thread_k_blocks, // same for k dimension (reduction)
const int stages, // number of stages for the async global->shared
// fetch pipeline
const int group_blocks = -1 // number of consecutive 16x16 blocks
// with a separate quantization scale
>
__global__ void Marlin(
const int4* __restrict__ A, // fp16 input matrix of shape mxk
const int4* __restrict__ B, // 4bit quantized weight matrix of shape kxn
int4* __restrict__ C, // fp16 output buffer of shape mxn
const int4* __restrict__ s, // fp16 quantization scales of shape
// (k/groupsize)xn
int prob_m, // batch dimension m
int prob_n, // output dimension n
int prob_k, // reduction dimension k
int* locks // extra global storage for barrier synchronization
) {
// Marlin is not implemented yet for SM < 8.0
assert(false);
return;
}
#endif
// 8 warps are a good choice since every SM has 4 schedulers and having more
// than 1 warp per schedule allows some more latency hiding. At the same time,
// we want relatively few warps to have many registers per warp and small tiles.
const int USER_THREADS =
256; // Note: This is only used with user-provided thread_k/n
const int STAGES = 4; // 4 pipeline stages fit into shared memory
const int SHARED_MEM =
96 * 1024; // max shared memory on compute capability 8.6 (< 8.0)
static constexpr int min_thread_n = 64;
static constexpr int min_thread_k = 64;
static constexpr int tile_size = 16;
static constexpr int max_par = 16;
static constexpr int pack_factor_4bit =
8; // We have 8 4-bit vals inside a 32 bit
#define __CALL_IF(THREAD_M_BLOCKS, THREAD_N_BLOCKS, THREAD_K_BLOCKS, \
GROUP_BLOCKS, NUM_THREADS) \
else if (thread_m_blocks == THREAD_M_BLOCKS && \
thread_n_blocks == THREAD_N_BLOCKS && \
thread_k_blocks == THREAD_K_BLOCKS && \
group_blocks == GROUP_BLOCKS && num_threads == NUM_THREADS) { \
cudaFuncSetAttribute(Marlin<NUM_THREADS, THREAD_M_BLOCKS, THREAD_N_BLOCKS, \
THREAD_K_BLOCKS, STAGES, GROUP_BLOCKS>, \
cudaFuncAttributeMaxDynamicSharedMemorySize, \
SHARED_MEM); \
Marlin<NUM_THREADS, THREAD_M_BLOCKS, THREAD_N_BLOCKS, THREAD_K_BLOCKS, \
STAGES, GROUP_BLOCKS><<<blocks, NUM_THREADS, SHARED_MEM, stream>>>( \
A_ptr, B_ptr, C_ptr, s_ptr, prob_m, prob_n, prob_k, locks); \
}
typedef struct {
int thread_k;
int thread_n;
int num_threads;
} thread_config_t;
thread_config_t small_batch_thread_configs[] = {
// Ordered by priority
// thread_k, thread_n, num_threads
{128, 128, 256}, // Default
{128, 64, 128}, // Reduce N 2X, same K
{64, 256, 256}, // Reduce K 2X, increase N 2X
{64, 128, 128}, // Reduce K 2X, same N
};
thread_config_t large_batch_thread_configs[] = {
// Ordered by priority
// thread_k, thread_n, num_threads
{64, 256, 256}, // Default
{128, 128, 256}, // Reduce N 2X, increase K 2X
{64, 128, 128}, // Reduce N 2X, same K
{128, 64, 128}, // Reduce N 4X, increase K 2X
};
bool is_valid_config(thread_config_t const& th_config, int prob_m, int prob_n,
int prob_k) {
// Sanity
if (th_config.thread_k == -1 || th_config.thread_n == -1 ||
th_config.num_threads == -1) {
return false;
}
// Verify K/N are divisible by thread K/N
if (prob_k % th_config.thread_k != 0 || prob_n % th_config.thread_n != 0) {
return false;
}
// thread_k can be only 128 or 64 (because it must be less than groupsize
// which is 128)
if (th_config.thread_k != 128 && th_config.thread_k != 64) {
return false;
}
// Verify min for thread K/N
if (th_config.thread_n < min_thread_n || th_config.thread_k < min_thread_k) {
return false;
}
// num_threads must be at least 128 (= 4 warps)
if (th_config.num_threads < 128) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
thread_config_t determine_thread_config(int prob_m, int prob_n, int prob_k) {
if (prob_m <= 16) {
for (auto th_config : small_batch_thread_configs) {
if (is_valid_config(th_config, prob_m, prob_n, prob_k)) {
return th_config;
}
}
} else {
for (auto th_config : large_batch_thread_configs) {
if (is_valid_config(th_config, prob_m, prob_n, prob_k)) {
return th_config;
}
}
}
return thread_config_t{-1, -1, -1};
}
#define CALL_IF(N_BLOCKS, K_BLOCKS, NUM_THREADS) \
__CALL_IF(1, N_BLOCKS, K_BLOCKS, -1, NUM_THREADS) \
__CALL_IF(1, N_BLOCKS, K_BLOCKS, 8, NUM_THREADS) \
__CALL_IF(1, N_BLOCKS, K_BLOCKS, -1, NUM_THREADS) \
__CALL_IF(1, N_BLOCKS, K_BLOCKS, 8, NUM_THREADS) \
__CALL_IF(2, N_BLOCKS, K_BLOCKS, -1, NUM_THREADS) \
__CALL_IF(2, N_BLOCKS, K_BLOCKS, 8, NUM_THREADS) \
__CALL_IF(3, N_BLOCKS, K_BLOCKS, -1, NUM_THREADS) \
__CALL_IF(3, N_BLOCKS, K_BLOCKS, 8, NUM_THREADS) \
__CALL_IF(4, N_BLOCKS, K_BLOCKS, -1, NUM_THREADS) \
__CALL_IF(4, N_BLOCKS, K_BLOCKS, 8, NUM_THREADS)
void marlin_cuda(const void* A, const void* B, void* C, void* s, int prob_m,
int prob_n, int prob_k, void* workspace, int groupsize = -1,
int dev = 0, cudaStream_t stream = 0, int thread_k = -1,
int thread_n = -1, int sms = -1, int max_par = 16) {
int tot_m = prob_m;
int tot_m_blocks = ceildiv(tot_m, 16);
int pad = 16 * tot_m_blocks - tot_m;
if (sms == -1)
cudaDeviceGetAttribute(&sms, cudaDevAttrMultiProcessorCount, dev);
// Set thread config
thread_config_t th_config;
if (thread_k != -1 && thread_n != -1) {
// User-defined config
th_config = thread_config_t{thread_k, thread_n, USER_THREADS};
} else {
// Auto config
th_config = determine_thread_config(prob_m, prob_n, prob_k);
}
if (!is_valid_config(th_config, prob_m, prob_n, prob_k)) {
throw std::runtime_error(
"Invalid thread config: thread_k = " + str(th_config.thread_k) +
", thread_n = " + str(th_config.thread_n) +
", num_threads = " + str(th_config.num_threads) + " for MKN = [" +
str(prob_m) + ", " + str(prob_k) + ", " + str(prob_n) + "]");
}
// Uncomment for debug
// std::cout << "Using thread_config: thread_k = " + str(th_config.thread_k) +
// ", thread_n = " + str(th_config.thread_n) +
// ", num_threads = " + str(th_config.num_threads) + " for
// MKN = [" + str(prob_m) +
// ", " + str(prob_k) + ", " + str(prob_n) + "]\n";
int num_threads = th_config.num_threads;
thread_k = th_config.thread_k;
thread_n = th_config.thread_n;
int thread_k_blocks = thread_k / 16;
int thread_n_blocks = thread_n / 16;
int group_blocks = (groupsize == -1) ? -1 : groupsize / 16;
int blocks = sms;
if (prob_m == 0 || prob_n == 0 || prob_k == 0) {
return;
}
TORCH_CHECK(prob_n % thread_n == 0, "prob_n = ", prob_n,
" is not divisible by thread_n = ", thread_n);
TORCH_CHECK(prob_k % thread_k == 0, "prob_k = ", prob_k,
" is not divisible by thread_k = ", thread_k);
if (group_blocks != -1) {
TORCH_CHECK(prob_k % group_blocks == 0, "prob_k = ", prob_k,
" is not divisible by group_blocks = ", group_blocks);
}
const int4* A_ptr = (const int4*)A;
const int4* B_ptr = (const int4*)B;
int4* C_ptr = (int4*)C;
const int4* s_ptr = (const int4*)s;
int* locks = (int*)workspace;
for (int i = 0; i < tot_m_blocks; i += 4) {
int thread_m_blocks = tot_m_blocks - i;
prob_m = tot_m - 16 * i;
int par = 1;
if (thread_m_blocks > 4) {
// Note that parallel > 1 currently only works for inputs without any
// padding
par = (16 * thread_m_blocks - pad) / 64;
if (par > max_par) par = max_par;
prob_m = 64 * par;
i += 4 * (par - 1);
thread_m_blocks = 4;
}
// For compilation speed, we only define the kernel configurations that have
// seemed useful (in terms of performance) in our testing, however many more
// are, in principle, possible.
if (false) {
}
CALL_IF(8, 8, 256)
CALL_IF(16, 4, 256)
CALL_IF(8, 4, 128)
CALL_IF(4, 8, 128)
else {
throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported shapes: MKN = [" + str(prob_m) +
", " + str(prob_k) + ", " + str(prob_n) + "]" +
", groupsize = " + str(groupsize) +
", thread_m_blocks = " + str(thread_m_blocks) +
", thread_n_blocks = " + str(thread_n_blocks) +
", thread_k_blocks = " + str(thread_k_blocks));
}
A_ptr += 16 * thread_m_blocks * (prob_k / 8) * par;
C_ptr += 16 * thread_m_blocks * (prob_n / 8) * par;
}
}
} // namespace marlin_dense
torch::Tensor marlin_gemm(torch::Tensor& a, torch::Tensor& b_q_weight,
torch::Tensor& b_scales, torch::Tensor& workspace,
int64_t size_m, int64_t size_n, int64_t size_k) {
// Verify M
TORCH_CHECK(size_m == a.size(0),
"Shape mismatch: a.size(0) = " + str(a.size(0)) +
", size_m = " + str(size_m));
// Verify K
TORCH_CHECK(size_k == a.size(1),
"Shape mismatch: a.size(1) = " + str(a.size(1)) +
", size_k = " + str(size_k));
TORCH_CHECK(size_k % marlin_dense::tile_size == 0,
"size_k = " + str(size_k) + " is not divisible by tile_size = " +
str(marlin_dense::tile_size));
TORCH_CHECK((size_k / marlin_dense::tile_size) == b_q_weight.size(0),
"Shape mismatch: b_q_weight.size(0) = " +
str(b_q_weight.size(0)) + ", size_k = " + str(size_k) +
", tile_size = " + str(marlin_dense::tile_size));
// Verify N
TORCH_CHECK(b_scales.size(1) == size_n,
"b_scales.size(1) = " + str(b_scales.size(1)) +
", size_n = " + str(size_n));
TORCH_CHECK(
b_q_weight.size(1) % marlin_dense::tile_size == 0,
"b_q_weight.size(1) = " + str(b_q_weight.size(1)) +
" is not divisible by tile_size = " + str(marlin_dense::tile_size));
int actual_size_n = (b_q_weight.size(1) / marlin_dense::tile_size) *
marlin_dense::pack_factor_4bit;
TORCH_CHECK(
size_n == actual_size_n,
"size_n = " + str(size_n) + ", actual_size_n = " + str(actual_size_n));
// Verify A device and strides
TORCH_CHECK(a.device().is_cuda(), "A is not on GPU");
TORCH_CHECK(a.is_contiguous(), "A is not contiguous");
// Verify B device and strides
TORCH_CHECK(b_q_weight.device().is_cuda(), "b_q_weight is not on GPU");
TORCH_CHECK(b_q_weight.is_contiguous(), "b_q_weight is not contiguous");
// Verify scales device and strides
TORCH_CHECK(b_scales.device().is_cuda(), "b_scales is not on GPU");
TORCH_CHECK(b_scales.is_contiguous(), "b_scales is not contiguous");
// Alloc C matrix
const at::cuda::OptionalCUDAGuard device_guard(device_of(a));
auto options = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(a.dtype()).device(a.device());
torch::Tensor c = torch::empty({size_m, size_n}, options);
// thread_k: `k` size of a thread_tile in `weights` (can usually be left as
// auto -1)
int thread_k = -1;
// thread_n: `n` size of a thread_tile in `weights` (can usually be left as
// auto -1)
int thread_n = -1;
// sms: number of SMs to use for the kernel (can usually be left as auto -1)
int sms = -1;
// Detect groupsize
if (b_scales.size(0) != 1) {
TORCH_CHECK(size_k % b_scales.size(0) == 0,
"size_k = " + str(size_k) +
", is not divisible by b_scales.size(0) = " +
str(b_scales.size(0)));
}
int groupsize = b_scales.size(0) == 1 ? -1 : size_k / b_scales.size(0);
// Verify groupsize
TORCH_CHECK(groupsize == -1 || groupsize == 128,
"Unexpected groupsize = " + str(groupsize));
// Verify workspace size
TORCH_CHECK(size_n % marlin_dense::min_thread_n == 0,
"size_n = " + str(size_n) +
", is not divisible by min_thread_n = " +
str(marlin_dense::min_thread_n));
int min_workspace_size =
(size_n / marlin_dense::min_thread_n) * marlin_dense::max_par;
TORCH_CHECK(workspace.numel() >= min_workspace_size,
"workspace.numel = " + str(workspace.numel()) +
" is below min_workspace_size = " + str(min_workspace_size));
int dev = a.get_device();
marlin_dense::marlin_cuda(a.data_ptr(), b_q_weight.data_ptr(), c.data_ptr(),
b_scales.data_ptr(), size_m, size_n, size_k,
workspace.data_ptr(), groupsize, dev,
at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(dev), thread_k,
thread_n, sms, marlin_dense::max_par);
return c;
}