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<h1 id="coturn-turn-server"><a class="header" href="#coturn-turn-server">coturn TURN server</a></h1>
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<p>The following sections describe how to install <a href="https://github.com/coturn/coturn">coturn</a> (which implements the TURN REST API).</p>
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<h2 id="coturn-setup"><a class="header" href="#coturn-setup"><code>coturn</code> setup</a></h2>
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<h3 id="initial-installation"><a class="header" href="#initial-installation">Initial installation</a></h3>
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<p>The TURN daemon <code>coturn</code> is available from a variety of sources such as native package managers, or installation from source.</p>
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<h4 id="debian-and-ubuntu-based-distributions"><a class="header" href="#debian-and-ubuntu-based-distributions">Debian and Ubuntu based distributions</a></h4>
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<p>Just install the debian package:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">sudo apt install coturn
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</code></pre>
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<p>This will install and start a systemd service called <code>coturn</code>.</p>
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<h4 id="source-installation"><a class="header" href="#source-installation">Source installation</a></h4>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p>Download the <a href="https://github.com/coturn/coturn/releases/latest">latest release</a> from github. Unpack it and <code>cd</code> into the directory.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Configure it:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">./configure
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</code></pre>
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<p>You may need to install <code>libevent2</code>: if so, you should do so in
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the way recommended by your operating system. You can ignore
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warnings about lack of database support: a database is unnecessary
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for this purpose.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Build and install it:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">make
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sudo make install
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<h3 id="configuration"><a class="header" href="#configuration">Configuration</a></h3>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p>Create or edit the config file in <code>/etc/turnserver.conf</code>. The relevant
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lines, with example values, are:</p>
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<pre><code>use-auth-secret
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static-auth-secret=[your secret key here]
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realm=turn.myserver.org
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</code></pre>
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<p>See <code>turnserver.conf</code> for explanations of the options. One way to generate
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the <code>static-auth-secret</code> is with <code>pwgen</code>:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">pwgen -s 64 1
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</code></pre>
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<p>A <code>realm</code> must be specified, but its value is somewhat arbitrary. (It is
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sent to clients as part of the authentication flow.) It is conventional to
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set it to be your server name.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>You will most likely want to configure <code>coturn</code> to write logs somewhere. The
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easiest way is normally to send them to the syslog:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">syslog
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</code></pre>
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<p>(in which case, the logs will be available via <code>journalctl -u coturn</code> on a
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systemd system). Alternatively, <code>coturn</code> can be configured to write to a
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logfile - check the example config file supplied with <code>coturn</code>.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Consider your security settings. TURN lets users request a relay which will
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connect to arbitrary IP addresses and ports. The following configuration is
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suggested as a minimum starting point:</p>
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<pre><code># VoIP traffic is all UDP. There is no reason to let users connect to arbitrary TCP endpoints via the relay.
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no-tcp-relay
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# don't let the relay ever try to connect to private IP address ranges within your network (if any)
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# given the turn server is likely behind your firewall, remember to include any privileged public IPs too.
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denied-peer-ip=10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
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denied-peer-ip=192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255
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denied-peer-ip=172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255
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# recommended additional local peers to block, to mitigate external access to internal services.
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# https://www.rtcsec.com/article/slack-webrtc-turn-compromise-and-bug-bounty/#how-to-fix-an-open-turn-relay-to-address-this-vulnerability
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no-multicast-peers
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denied-peer-ip=0.0.0.0-0.255.255.255
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denied-peer-ip=100.64.0.0-100.127.255.255
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denied-peer-ip=127.0.0.0-127.255.255.255
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denied-peer-ip=169.254.0.0-169.254.255.255
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denied-peer-ip=192.0.0.0-192.0.0.255
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denied-peer-ip=192.0.2.0-192.0.2.255
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denied-peer-ip=192.88.99.0-192.88.99.255
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denied-peer-ip=198.18.0.0-198.19.255.255
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denied-peer-ip=198.51.100.0-198.51.100.255
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denied-peer-ip=203.0.113.0-203.0.113.255
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denied-peer-ip=240.0.0.0-255.255.255.255
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# special case the turn server itself so that client->TURN->TURN->client flows work
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# this should be one of the turn server's listening IPs
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allowed-peer-ip=10.0.0.1
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# consider whether you want to limit the quota of relayed streams per user (or total) to avoid risk of DoS.
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user-quota=12 # 4 streams per video call, so 12 streams = 3 simultaneous relayed calls per user.
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total-quota=1200
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Also consider supporting TLS/DTLS. To do this, add the following settings
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to <code>turnserver.conf</code>:</p>
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<pre><code># TLS certificates, including intermediate certs.
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# For Let's Encrypt certificates, use `fullchain.pem` here.
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cert=/path/to/fullchain.pem
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# TLS private key file
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pkey=/path/to/privkey.pem
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# Ensure the configuration lines that disable TLS/DTLS are commented-out or removed
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#no-tls
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#no-dtls
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</code></pre>
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<p>In this case, replace the <code>turn:</code> schemes in the <code>turn_uris</code> settings below
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with <code>turns:</code>.</p>
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<p>We recommend that you only try to set up TLS/DTLS once you have set up a
|
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basic installation and got it working.</p>
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|
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<p>NB: If your TLS certificate was provided by Let's Encrypt, TLS/DTLS will
|
||
|
|
not work with any Matrix client that uses Chromium's WebRTC library. This
|
||
|
|
currently includes Element Android & iOS; for more details, see their
|
||
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/vector-im/element-android/issues/1533">respective</a>
|
||
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/vector-im/element-ios/issues/2712">issues</a> as well as the underlying
|
||
|
|
<a href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/webrtc/issues/detail?id=11710">WebRTC issue</a>.
|
||
|
|
Consider using a ZeroSSL certificate for your TURN server as a working alternative.</p>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>
|
||
|
|
<p>Ensure your firewall allows traffic into the TURN server on the ports
|
||
|
|
you've configured it to listen on (By default: 3478 and 5349 for TURN
|
||
|
|
traffic (remember to allow both TCP and UDP traffic), and ports 49152-65535
|
||
|
|
for the UDP relay.)</p>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>
|
||
|
|
<p>If your TURN server is behind NAT, the NAT gateway must have an external,
|
||
|
|
publicly-reachable IP address. You must configure <code>coturn</code> to advertise that
|
||
|
|
address to connecting clients:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code>external-ip=EXTERNAL_NAT_IPv4_ADDRESS
|
||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>You may optionally limit the TURN server to listen only on the local
|
||
|
|
address that is mapped by NAT to the external address:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code>listening-ip=INTERNAL_TURNSERVER_IPv4_ADDRESS
|
||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>If your NAT gateway is reachable over both IPv4 and IPv6, you may
|
||
|
|
configure <code>coturn</code> to advertise each available address:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code>external-ip=EXTERNAL_NAT_IPv4_ADDRESS
|
||
|
|
external-ip=EXTERNAL_NAT_IPv6_ADDRESS
|
||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>When advertising an external IPv6 address, ensure that the firewall and
|
||
|
|
network settings of the system running your TURN server are configured to
|
||
|
|
accept IPv6 traffic, and that the TURN server is listening on the local
|
||
|
|
IPv6 address that is mapped by NAT to the external IPv6 address.</p>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>
|
||
|
|
<p>(Re)start the turn server:</p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>
|
||
|
|
<p>If you used the Debian package (or have set up a systemd unit yourself):</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code class="language-sh">sudo systemctl restart coturn
|
||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>
|
||
|
|
<p>If you built from source:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code class="language-sh">/usr/local/bin/turnserver -o
|
||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
</ol>
|
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