From 1d3858371e9577faf3382d1feee97154e5085cd4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Tue, 8 Oct 2019 16:21:17 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 01/28] Disable bytes usage with postgres

More often than not passing bytes to `txn.execute` is a bug (where we
meant to pass a string) that just happens to work if `BYTEA_OUTPUT` is
set to `ESCAPE`. However, this is a bit of a footgun so we want to
instead error when this happens, and force using `bytearray` if we
actually want to use bytes.
---
 synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py | 7 +++++++
 synapse/storage/filtering.py        | 4 ++--
 synapse/storage/pusher.py           | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py b/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
index 601617b21e..d670286fa5 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
@@ -22,6 +22,13 @@ class PostgresEngine(object):
     def __init__(self, database_module, database_config):
         self.module = database_module
         self.module.extensions.register_type(self.module.extensions.UNICODE)
+
+        # Disables passing `bytes` to txn.execute, c.f. #6186. If you do
+        # actually want to use bytes than wrap it in `bytearray`.
+        def _disable_bytes_adapter(_):
+            raise Exception("Passing bytes to DB is disabled.")
+
+        self.module.extensions.register_adapter(bytes, _disable_bytes_adapter)
         self.synchronous_commit = database_config.get("synchronous_commit", True)
         self._version = None  # unknown as yet
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/filtering.py b/synapse/storage/filtering.py
index 23b48f6cea..7c2a7da836 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/filtering.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/filtering.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class FilteringStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "SELECT filter_id FROM user_filters "
                 "WHERE user_id = ? AND filter_json = ?"
             )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_localpart, def_json))
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_localpart, bytearray(def_json)))
             filter_id_response = txn.fetchone()
             if filter_id_response is not None:
                 return filter_id_response[0]
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class FilteringStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 "INSERT INTO user_filters (user_id, filter_id, filter_json)"
                 "VALUES(?, ?, ?)"
             )
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_localpart, filter_id, def_json))
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_localpart, filter_id, bytearray(def_json)))
 
             return filter_id
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/pusher.py b/synapse/storage/pusher.py
index 3e0e834a62..b12e80440a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/pusher.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/pusher.py
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ class PusherStore(PusherWorkerStore):
                     "device_display_name": device_display_name,
                     "ts": pushkey_ts,
                     "lang": lang,
-                    "data": encode_canonical_json(data),
+                    "data": bytearray(encode_canonical_json(data)),
                     "last_stream_ordering": last_stream_ordering,
                     "profile_tag": profile_tag,
                     "id": stream_id,

From 7f18b3d5262746d4095c747f6b80899445f0aa2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2019 16:03:24 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/28] Do the update as a background index

---
 synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py          | 43 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres | 17 ++++----
 2 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py b/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
index 5717baf48c..e77a7e28af 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
@@ -71,6 +71,19 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             "redactions_received_ts", self._redactions_received_ts
         )
 
+        # This index gets deleted in `event_fix_redactions_bytes` update
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "event_fix_redactions_bytes_create_index",
+            index_name="redactions_censored_redacts",
+            table="redactions",
+            columns=["redacts"],
+            where_clause="have_censored",
+        )
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "event_fix_redactions_bytes", self._event_fix_redactions_bytes
+        )
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _background_reindex_fields_sender(self, progress, batch_size):
         target_min_stream_id = progress["target_min_stream_id_inclusive"]
@@ -458,3 +471,33 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             yield self._end_background_update("redactions_received_ts")
 
         return count
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _event_fix_redactions_bytes(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """Undoes hex encoded censored redacted event JSON.
+        """
+
+        def _event_fix_redactions_bytes_txn(txn):
+            # This update is quite fast due to new index.
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                UPDATE event_json
+                SET
+                    json = convert_from(json::bytea, 'utf8')
+                FROM redactions
+                WHERE
+                    redactions.have_censored
+                    AND event_json.event_id = redactions.redacts
+                    AND json NOT LIKE '{%';
+                """
+            )
+
+            txn.execute("DROP INDEX redactions_censored_redacts")
+
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "_event_fix_redactions_bytes", _event_fix_redactions_bytes_txn
+        )
+
+        yield self._end_background_update("event_fix_redactions_bytes")
+
+        return 1
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres
index f7bcc5e2f2..67471f3ef5 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres
@@ -15,12 +15,11 @@
 
 
 -- There was a bug where we may have updated censored redactions as bytes,
--- which can (somehow) cause json to be inserted hex encoded. This goes and
--- undoes any such hex encoded JSON.
-UPDATE event_json SET json = convert_from(json::bytea, 'utf8')
-WHERE event_id IN (
-  SELECT event_json.event_id
-  FROM event_json
-  INNER JOIN redactions ON (event_json.event_id = redacts)
-  WHERE have_censored AND json NOT LIKE '{%'
-);
+-- which can (somehow) cause json to be inserted hex encoded. These updates go
+-- and undoes any such hex encoded JSON.
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+  VALUES ('event_fix_redactions_bytes_create_index', '{}');
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on)
+  VALUES ('event_fix_redactions_bytes', '{}', 'event_fix_redactions_bytes_create_index');

From c3b34dc32f85ed0b526dde1ed3d61316a8f461d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2019 16:32:04 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 03/28] Newsfile

---
 changelog.d/6186.bugfix | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6186.bugfix

diff --git a/changelog.d/6186.bugfix b/changelog.d/6186.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..199ec69032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6186.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix bug where we were updating censored events as bytes rather than text, occaisonally causing invalid JSON being inserted breaking APIs that attempted to fetch such events.

From 4535a07f4af0854eed0cfd171e4032bdd3f39cbb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2019 17:54:03 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/28] make version optional in body of e2e backup version
 update

to agree with latest version of the MSC
---
 synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py         |  4 +-
 synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py |  2 +-
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py      | 47 +++++++++++++++--------
 3 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
index a9d80f708c..0cea445f0d 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -352,8 +352,8 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandler(object):
             A deferred of an empty dict.
         """
         if "version" not in version_info:
-            raise SynapseError(400, "Missing version in body", Codes.MISSING_PARAM)
-        if version_info["version"] != version:
+            version_info["version"] = version
+        elif version_info["version"] != version:
             raise SynapseError(
                 400, "Version in body does not match", Codes.INVALID_PARAM
             )
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
index df4f44cd36..d596786430 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v2_alpha/room_keys.py
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ class RoomKeysVersionServlet(RestServlet):
                     "ed25519:something": "hijklmnop"
                 }
             },
-            "version": "42"
+            "version": "12345"
         }
 
         HTTP/1.1 200 OK
diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
index c4503c1611..c700a2fad1 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -187,9 +187,8 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(res, 404)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def test_update_bad_version(self):
-        """Check that we get a 400 if the version in the body is missing or
-        doesn't match
+    def test_update_missing_version(self):
+        """Check that the update succeeds if the version is missing from the body
         """
         version = yield self.handler.create_version(
             self.local_user,
@@ -197,19 +196,35 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         )
         self.assertEqual(version, "1")
 
-        res = None
-        try:
-            yield self.handler.update_version(
-                self.local_user,
-                version,
-                {
-                    "algorithm": "m.megolm_backup.v1",
-                    "auth_data": "revised_first_version_auth_data",
-                },
-            )
-        except errors.SynapseError as e:
-            res = e.code
-        self.assertEqual(res, 400)
+        yield self.handler.update_version(
+            self.local_user,
+            version,
+            {
+                "algorithm": "m.megolm_backup.v1",
+                "auth_data": "revised_first_version_auth_data",
+            },
+        )
+
+        # check we can retrieve it as the current version
+        res = yield self.handler.get_version_info(self.local_user)
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            res,
+            {
+                "algorithm": "m.megolm_backup.v1",
+                "auth_data": "revised_first_version_auth_data",
+                "version": version,
+            },
+        )
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def test_update_bad_version(self):
+        """Check that we get a 400 if the version in the body doesn't match
+        """
+        version = yield self.handler.create_version(
+            self.local_user,
+            {"algorithm": "m.megolm_backup.v1", "auth_data": "first_version_auth_data"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(version, "1")
 
         res = None
         try:

From b46cc856ec9f8ac8c96199a5291dfa71cd37ee86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2019 18:03:40 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/28] add changelog

---
 changelog.d/6189.misc | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6189.misc

diff --git a/changelog.d/6189.misc b/changelog.d/6189.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a66eb384e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6189.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Make `version` optional in body of `PUT /room_keys/version/{version}`, since it's redundant.

From b4fbf71187545748edf3ebd931b49350e5b1ca74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2019 19:06:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 06/28] Add helper funcs to use postgres ANY

This means that we can write queries with `col = ANY(?)`, which helps
postgres.
---
 synapse/storage/_base.py | 64 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 56 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index abe16334ec..a94cbc27d3 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import random
 import sys
 import threading
 import time
+from typing import Iterable, List, Tuple
 
 from six import PY2, iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues
 from six.moves import builtins, intern, range
@@ -1162,19 +1163,20 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         if not iterable:
             return []
 
-        sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s" % (", ".join(retcols), table)
-
         clauses = []
         values = []
-        clauses.append("%s IN (%s)" % (column, ",".join("?" for _ in iterable)))
-        values.extend(iterable)
+
+        add_in_list_sql_clause(txn.database_engine, column, iterable, clauses, values)
 
         for key, value in iteritems(keyvalues):
             clauses.append("%s = ?" % (key,))
             values.append(value)
 
-        if clauses:
-            sql = "%s WHERE %s" % (sql, " AND ".join(clauses))
+        sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s" % (
+            ", ".join(retcols),
+            table,
+            " AND ".join(clauses),
+        )
 
         txn.execute(sql, values)
         return cls.cursor_to_dict(txn)
@@ -1325,8 +1327,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         clauses = []
         values = []
-        clauses.append("%s IN (%s)" % (column, ",".join("?" for _ in iterable)))
-        values.extend(iterable)
+
+        add_in_list_sql_clause(txn.database_engine, column, iterable, clauses, values)
 
         for key, value in iteritems(keyvalues):
             clauses.append("%s = ?" % (key,))
@@ -1693,3 +1695,49 @@ def db_to_json(db_content):
     except Exception:
         logging.warning("Tried to decode '%r' as JSON and failed", db_content)
         raise
+
+
+def add_in_list_sql_clause(
+    database_engine, column: str, iterable: Iterable, clauses: List[str], args: List
+):
+    """Adds an SQL clause to the given list of clauses/args that checks the
+    given column is in the iterable. c.f. `make_in_list_sql_clause`
+
+    Args:
+        database_engine
+        column: Name of the column
+        iterable: The values to check the column against.
+        clauses: A list to add the expanded clause to
+        args: A list of arguments that we append the args to.
+    """
+
+    clause, new_args = make_in_list_sql_clause(database_engine, column, iterable)
+    clauses.append(clause)
+    args.extend(new_args)
+
+
+def make_in_list_sql_clause(
+    database_engine, column: str, iterable: Iterable
+) -> Tuple[str, Iterable]:
+    """Returns an SQL clause that checks the given column is in the iterable.
+
+    On SQLite this expands to `column IN (?, ?, ...)`, whereas on Postgres
+    it expands to `column = ANY(?)`. While both DBs support the `IN` form,
+    using the `ANY` form on postgres means that it views queries with
+    different length iterables as the same, helping the query stats.
+
+    Args:
+        database_engine
+        column: Name of the column
+        iterable: The values to check the column against.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple of SQL query and the args
+    """
+
+    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+        # This should hopefully be faster, but also makes postgres query
+        # stats easier to understand.
+        return "%s = ANY(?)" % (column,), [list(iterable)]
+    else:
+        return "%s IN (%s)" % (column, ",".join("?" for _ in iterable)), iterable

From b161786c1455f219d58549b514f2551f25eae33a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2019 19:07:07 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 07/28] Replace IN usage with helper funcs

---
 synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py        | 14 +++----
 synapse/storage/devices.py            | 14 +++++--
 synapse/storage/event_federation.py   |  9 +++--
 synapse/storage/events.py             | 44 +++++++++++++---------
 synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py  | 12 +++---
 synapse/storage/events_worker.py      | 28 ++++++++------
 synapse/storage/presence.py           | 14 +++----
 synapse/storage/receipts.py           | 53 +++++++++++++++------------
 synapse/storage/roommember.py         | 18 ++++++---
 synapse/storage/search.py             | 11 ++++--
 synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py | 16 ++++----
 11 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 96 deletions(-)

diff --git a/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py b/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py
index 70bc2bb2cc..f04aad0743 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/deviceinbox.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from canonicaljson import json
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.logging.opentracing import log_kv, set_tag, trace
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
 from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
 from synapse.util.caches.expiringcache import ExpiringCache
 
@@ -378,15 +378,15 @@ class DeviceInboxStore(DeviceInboxWorkerStore, DeviceInboxBackgroundUpdateStore)
             else:
                 if not devices:
                     continue
-                sql = (
-                    "SELECT device_id FROM devices"
-                    " WHERE user_id = ? AND device_id IN ("
-                    + ",".join("?" * len(devices))
-                    + ")"
+
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    txn.database_engine, "device_id", devices
                 )
+                sql = "SELECT device_id FROM devices WHERE user_id = ? AND " + clause
+
                 # TODO: Maybe this needs to be done in batches if there are
                 # too many local devices for a given user.
-                txn.execute(sql, [user_id] + devices)
+                txn.execute(sql, [user_id] + list(args))
                 for row in txn:
                     # Only insert into the local inbox if the device exists on
                     # this server
diff --git a/synapse/storage/devices.py b/synapse/storage/devices.py
index 111bfb3d64..ac5239e50a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/devices.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/devices.py
@@ -28,7 +28,12 @@ from synapse.logging.opentracing import (
     whitelisted_homeserver,
 )
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.storage._base import Cache, SQLBaseStore, db_to_json
+from synapse.storage._base import (
+    Cache,
+    SQLBaseStore,
+    db_to_json,
+    make_in_list_sql_clause,
+)
 from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
 from synapse.util import batch_iter
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks, cachedList
@@ -448,11 +453,14 @@ class DeviceWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             sql = """
                 SELECT DISTINCT user_id FROM device_lists_stream
                 WHERE stream_id > ?
-                AND user_id IN (%s)
+                AND
             """
 
             for chunk in batch_iter(to_check, 100):
-                txn.execute(sql % (",".join("?" for _ in chunk),), (from_key,) + chunk)
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    txn.database_engine, "user_id", chunk
+                )
+                txn.execute(sql + clause, (from_key,) + tuple(args))
                 changes.update(user_id for user_id, in txn)
 
             return changes
diff --git a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
index f5e8c39262..47cc10d32a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/event_federation.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.errors import StoreError
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
 from synapse.storage.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
 from synapse.storage.signatures import SignatureWorkerStore
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
         else:
             results = set()
 
-        base_sql = "SELECT auth_id FROM event_auth WHERE event_id IN (%s)"
+        base_sql = "SELECT auth_id FROM event_auth WHERE "
 
         front = set(event_ids)
         while front:
@@ -76,7 +76,10 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore, SignatureWorkerStore, SQLBas
             front_list = list(front)
             chunks = [front_list[x : x + 100] for x in range(0, len(front), 100)]
             for chunk in chunks:
-                txn.execute(base_sql % (",".join(["?"] * len(chunk)),), chunk)
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    txn.database_engine, "event_id", chunk
+                )
+                txn.execute(base_sql + clause, list(args))
                 new_front.update([r[0] for r in txn])
 
             new_front -= results
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events.py b/synapse/storage/events.py
index bb6ff0595a..ee49ef235d 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events.py
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ from synapse.logging.utils import log_function
 from synapse.metrics import BucketCollector
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
 from synapse.state import StateResolutionStore
+from synapse.storage._base import make_in_list_sql_clause
 from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
 from synapse.storage.event_federation import EventFederationStore
 from synapse.storage.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
@@ -641,14 +642,16 @@ class EventsStore(
                 LEFT JOIN rejections USING (event_id)
                 LEFT JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
             WHERE
-                prev_event_id IN (%s)
-                AND NOT events.outlier
+                NOT events.outlier
                 AND rejections.event_id IS NULL
-            """ % (
-                ",".join("?" for _ in batch),
+                AND
+            """
+
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                self.database_engine, "prev_event_id", batch
             )
 
-            txn.execute(sql, batch)
+            txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
             results.extend(r[0] for r in txn if not json.loads(r[1]).get("soft_failed"))
 
         for chunk in batch_iter(event_ids, 100):
@@ -695,13 +698,15 @@ class EventsStore(
                     LEFT JOIN rejections USING (event_id)
                     LEFT JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
                 WHERE
-                    event_id IN (%s)
-                    AND NOT events.outlier
-                """ % (
-                    ",".join("?" for _ in to_recursively_check),
+                    NOT events.outlier
+                    AND
+                """
+
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    self.database_engine, "event_id", to_recursively_check
                 )
 
-                txn.execute(sql, to_recursively_check)
+                txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
                 to_recursively_check = []
 
                 for event_id, prev_event_id, metadata, rejected in txn:
@@ -1543,10 +1548,14 @@ class EventsStore(
                 " FROM events as e"
                 " LEFT JOIN rejections as rej USING (event_id)"
                 " LEFT JOIN redactions as r ON e.event_id = r.redacts"
-                " WHERE e.event_id IN (%s)"
-            ) % (",".join(["?"] * len(ev_map)),)
+                " WHERE "
+            )
 
-            txn.execute(sql, list(ev_map))
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                self.database_engine, "e.event_id", list(ev_map)
+            )
+
+            txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
             rows = self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
             for row in rows:
                 event = ev_map[row["event_id"]]
@@ -2249,11 +2258,12 @@ class EventsStore(
             sql = """
                 SELECT DISTINCT state_group FROM event_to_state_groups
                 LEFT JOIN events_to_purge AS ep USING (event_id)
-                WHERE state_group IN (%s) AND ep.event_id IS NULL
-            """ % (
-                ",".join("?" for _ in current_search),
+                WHERE ep.event_id IS NULL AND
+            """
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                txn.database_engine, "state_group", current_search
             )
-            txn.execute(sql, list(current_search))
+            txn.execute(sql + clause, list(args))
 
             referenced = set(sg for sg, in txn)
             referenced_groups |= referenced
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py b/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
index 5717baf48c..97728a6da2 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from canonicaljson import json
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
+from synapse.storage._base import make_in_list_sql_clause
 from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -312,12 +313,13 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
                     INNER JOIN event_json USING (event_id)
                     LEFT JOIN rejections USING (event_id)
                     WHERE
-                        prev_event_id IN (%s)
-                        AND NOT events.outlier
-                """ % (
-                    ",".join("?" for _ in to_check),
+                        NOT events.outlier
+                        AND
+                """
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    self.database_engine, "prev_event_id", to_check
                 )
-                txn.execute(sql, to_check)
+                txn.execute(sql + clause, list(args))
 
                 for prev_event_id, event_id, metadata, rejected in txn:
                     if event_id in graph:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events_worker.py b/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
index 57ce0304e9..4c4b76bd93 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events_worker.py
@@ -31,12 +31,11 @@ from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext  # noqa: F401
 from synapse.events.utils import prune_event
 from synapse.logging.context import LoggingContext, PreserveLoggingContext
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
 from synapse.types import get_domain_from_id
 from synapse.util import batch_iter
 from synapse.util.metrics import Measure
 
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
-
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -623,10 +622,14 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 " rej.reason "
                 " FROM event_json as e"
                 " LEFT JOIN rejections as rej USING (event_id)"
-                " WHERE e.event_id IN (%s)"
-            ) % (",".join(["?"] * len(evs)),)
+                " WHERE "
+            )
 
-            txn.execute(sql, evs)
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                txn.database_engine, "e.event_id", evs
+            )
+
+            txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
 
             for row in txn:
                 event_id = row[0]
@@ -640,11 +643,11 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 }
 
             # check for redactions
-            redactions_sql = (
-                "SELECT event_id, redacts FROM redactions WHERE redacts IN (%s)"
-            ) % (",".join(["?"] * len(evs)),)
+            redactions_sql = "SELECT event_id, redacts FROM redactions WHERE "
 
-            txn.execute(redactions_sql, evs)
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(txn.database_engine, "redacts", evs)
+
+            txn.execute(redactions_sql + clause, args)
 
             for (redacter, redacted) in txn:
                 d = event_dict.get(redacted)
@@ -753,10 +756,11 @@ class EventsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         results = set()
 
         def have_seen_events_txn(txn, chunk):
-            sql = "SELECT event_id FROM events as e WHERE e.event_id IN (%s)" % (
-                ",".join("?" * len(chunk)),
+            sql = "SELECT event_id FROM events as e WHERE "
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                txn.database_engine, "e.event_id", chunk
             )
-            txn.execute(sql, chunk)
+            txn.execute(sql + clause, args)
             for (event_id,) in txn:
                 results.add(event_id)
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/presence.py b/synapse/storage/presence.py
index 5db6f2d84a..3a641f538b 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/presence.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/presence.py
@@ -18,11 +18,10 @@ from collections import namedtuple
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.constants import PresenceState
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
 from synapse.util import batch_iter
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedList
 
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
-
 
 class UserPresenceState(
     namedtuple(
@@ -119,14 +118,13 @@ class PresenceStore(SQLBaseStore):
         )
 
         # Delete old rows to stop database from getting really big
-        sql = (
-            "DELETE FROM presence_stream WHERE" " stream_id < ?" " AND user_id IN (%s)"
-        )
+        sql = "DELETE FROM presence_stream WHERE stream_id < ? AND "
 
         for states in batch_iter(presence_states, 50):
-            args = [stream_id]
-            args.extend(s.user_id for s in states)
-            txn.execute(sql % (",".join("?" for _ in states),), args)
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                self.database_engine, "user_id", [s.user_id for s in states]
+            )
+            txn.execute(sql + clause, [stream_id] + list(args))
 
     def get_all_presence_updates(self, last_id, current_id):
         if last_id == current_id:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/receipts.py b/synapse/storage/receipts.py
index 290ddb30e8..0c24430f28 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/receipts.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/receipts.py
@@ -21,12 +21,11 @@ from canonicaljson import json
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
+from synapse.storage._base import SQLBaseStore, make_in_list_sql_clause
+from synapse.storage.util.id_generators import StreamIdGenerator
 from synapse.util.caches.descriptors import cached, cachedInlineCallbacks, cachedList
 from synapse.util.caches.stream_change_cache import StreamChangeCache
 
-from ._base import SQLBaseStore
-from .util.id_generators import StreamIdGenerator
-
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -217,24 +216,26 @@ class ReceiptsWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         def f(txn):
             if from_key:
-                sql = (
-                    "SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE"
-                    " room_id IN (%s) AND stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ?"
-                ) % (",".join(["?"] * len(room_ids)))
-                args = list(room_ids)
-                args.extend([from_key, to_key])
+                sql = """
+                    SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE
+                    stream_id > ? AND stream_id <= ? AND
+                """
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids
+                )
 
-                txn.execute(sql, args)
+                txn.execute(sql + clause, [from_key, to_key] + list(args))
             else:
-                sql = (
-                    "SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE"
-                    " room_id IN (%s) AND stream_id <= ?"
-                ) % (",".join(["?"] * len(room_ids)))
+                sql = """
+                    SELECT * FROM receipts_linearized WHERE
+                    stream_id <= ? AND
+                """
 
-                args = list(room_ids)
-                args.append(to_key)
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids
+                )
 
-                txn.execute(sql, args)
+                txn.execute(sql + clause, [to_key] + list(args))
 
             return self.cursor_to_dict(txn)
 
@@ -433,13 +434,19 @@ class ReceiptsStore(ReceiptsWorkerStore):
             # we need to points in graph -> linearized form.
             # TODO: Make this better.
             def graph_to_linear(txn):
-                query = (
-                    "SELECT event_id WHERE room_id = ? AND stream_ordering IN ("
-                    " SELECT max(stream_ordering) WHERE event_id IN (%s)"
-                    ")"
-                ) % (",".join(["?"] * len(event_ids)))
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    self.database_engine, "event_id", event_ids
+                )
 
-                txn.execute(query, [room_id] + event_ids)
+                sql = """
+                    SELECT event_id WHERE room_id = ? AND stream_ordering IN (
+                        SELECT max(stream_ordering) WHERE %s
+                    )
+                """ % (
+                    clause,
+                )
+
+                txn.execute(sql, [room_id] + list(args))
                 rows = txn.fetchall()
                 if rows:
                     return rows[0][0]
diff --git a/synapse/storage/roommember.py b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
index 4e606a8380..ff63487823 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/roommember.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/roommember.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
 from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
 from synapse.metrics import LaterGauge
 from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
-from synapse.storage._base import LoggingTransaction
+from synapse.storage._base import LoggingTransaction, make_in_list_sql_clause
 from synapse.storage.background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
 from synapse.storage.engines import Sqlite3Engine
 from synapse.storage.events_worker import EventsWorkerStore
@@ -372,6 +372,9 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
         results = []
         if membership_list:
             if self._current_state_events_membership_up_to_date:
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    self.database_engine, "c.membership", membership_list
+                )
                 sql = """
                     SELECT room_id, e.sender, c.membership, event_id, e.stream_ordering
                     FROM current_state_events AS c
@@ -379,11 +382,14 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
                     WHERE
                         c.type = 'm.room.member'
                         AND state_key = ?
-                        AND c.membership IN (%s)
+                        AND %s
                 """ % (
-                    ",".join("?" * len(membership_list))
+                    clause,
                 )
             else:
+                clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                    self.database_engine, "m.membership", membership_list
+                )
                 sql = """
                     SELECT room_id, e.sender, m.membership, event_id, e.stream_ordering
                     FROM current_state_events AS c
@@ -392,12 +398,12 @@ class RoomMemberWorkerStore(EventsWorkerStore):
                     WHERE
                         c.type = 'm.room.member'
                         AND state_key = ?
-                        AND m.membership IN (%s)
+                        AND %s
                 """ % (
-                    ",".join("?" * len(membership_list))
+                    clause,
                 )
 
-            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, *membership_list))
+            txn.execute(sql, (user_id, *args))
             results = [RoomsForUser(**r) for r in self.cursor_to_dict(txn)]
 
         if do_invite:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/search.py b/synapse/storage/search.py
index 6ba4190f1a..4be6e56dfa 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/search.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/search.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from canonicaljson import json
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
+from synapse.storage._base import add_in_list_sql_clause
 from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
 
 from .background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
@@ -385,8 +386,9 @@ class SearchStore(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore):
         # Make sure we don't explode because the person is in too many rooms.
         # We filter the results below regardless.
         if len(room_ids) < 500:
-            clauses.append("room_id IN (%s)" % (",".join(["?"] * len(room_ids)),))
-            args.extend(room_ids)
+            add_in_list_sql_clause(
+                self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids, clauses, args
+            )
 
         local_clauses = []
         for key in keys:
@@ -492,8 +494,9 @@ class SearchStore(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore):
         # Make sure we don't explode because the person is in too many rooms.
         # We filter the results below regardless.
         if len(room_ids) < 500:
-            clauses.append("room_id IN (%s)" % (",".join(["?"] * len(room_ids)),))
-            args.extend(room_ids)
+            add_in_list_sql_clause(
+                self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids, clauses, args
+            )
 
         local_clauses = []
         for key in keys:
diff --git a/synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py b/synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py
index 05cabc2282..aa4f0da5f0 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/user_erasure_store.py
@@ -56,15 +56,15 @@ class UserErasureWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
         # iterate it multiple times, and (b) avoiding duplicates.
         user_ids = tuple(set(user_ids))
 
-        def _get_erased_users(txn):
-            txn.execute(
-                "SELECT user_id FROM erased_users WHERE user_id IN (%s)"
-                % (",".join("?" * len(user_ids))),
-                user_ids,
-            )
-            return set(r[0] for r in txn)
+        rows = yield self._simple_select_many_batch(
+            table="erased_users",
+            column="user_id",
+            iterable=user_ids,
+            retcols=("user_id",),
+            desc="are_users_erased",
+        )
+        erased_users = set(row["user_id"] for row in rows)
 
-        erased_users = yield self.runInteraction("are_users_erased", _get_erased_users)
         res = dict((u, u in erased_users) for u in user_ids)
         return res
 

From 203ccdac5fa50888df3261c419c6b9fd670b21e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2019 19:09:54 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 08/28] Newsfile

---
 changelog.d/6156.misc | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6156.misc

diff --git a/changelog.d/6156.misc b/changelog.d/6156.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49525e9416
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6156.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Use Postgres ANY for selecting many values.

From 5373de6cced56c983098c82872cf17c311abdb96 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 08:54:07 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/28] change test name to be unique

---
 tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
index c700a2fad1..0bb96674a2 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/test_e2e_room_keys.py
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class E2eRoomKeysHandlerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(res, 404)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def test_update_missing_version(self):
+    def test_update_omitted_version(self):
         """Check that the update succeeds if the version is missing from the body
         """
         version = yield self.handler.create_version(

From 430dc2c67b20bf4abff74f861d8dce78f880ec73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <richard@matrix.org>
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 14:05:30 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 10/28] Fix python packaging

... after it got borked by #6081
---
 MANIFEST.in           | 4 +---
 changelog.d/6191.misc | 1 +
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6191.misc

diff --git a/MANIFEST.in b/MANIFEST.in
index 9c2902b8d2..b22be58f3d 100644
--- a/MANIFEST.in
+++ b/MANIFEST.in
@@ -47,7 +47,5 @@ prune debian
 prune demo/etc
 prune docker
 prune mypy.ini
+prune snap
 prune stubs
-
-exclude jenkins*
-recursive-exclude jenkins *.sh
diff --git a/changelog.d/6191.misc b/changelog.d/6191.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c33701651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6191.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add snapcraft packaging information. Contributed by @devec0.

From ca3e01e50d2caca6a55b7c7808f0e948b430363d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 14:52:29 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 11/28] Fix store_url_cache using bytes

---
 synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
index 7a56cd4b6c..0c68c3aad5 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/media/v1/preview_url_resource.py
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
 
         logger.debug("Calculated OG for %s as %s" % (url, og))
 
-        jsonog = json.dumps(og).encode("utf8")
+        jsonog = json.dumps(og)
 
         # store OG in history-aware DB cache
         yield self.store.store_url_cache(
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ class PreviewUrlResource(DirectServeResource):
             media_info["created_ts"],
         )
 
-        return jsonog
+        return jsonog.encode("utf8")
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _download_url(self, url, user):

From 3bc687508fa6c4cf82b5ddb22ce6f3674433d0ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 15:35:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 12/28] Remove add_in_list_sql_clause

---
 synapse/storage/_base.py            | 35 +++++------------------------
 synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py |  6 +++++
 synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py   |  6 +++++
 synapse/storage/search.py           | 12 +++++-----
 4 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)

diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index 085b8ae871..6176838aa6 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import random
 import sys
 import threading
 import time
-from typing import Iterable, List, Tuple
+from typing import Iterable, Tuple
 
 from six import PY2, iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues
 from six.moves import builtins, intern, range
@@ -1164,10 +1164,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
         if not iterable:
             return []
 
-        clauses = []
-        values = []
-
-        add_in_list_sql_clause(txn.database_engine, column, iterable, clauses, values)
+        clause, values = make_in_list_sql_clause(txn.database_engine, column, iterable)
+        clauses = [clause]
 
         for key, value in iteritems(keyvalues):
             clauses.append("%s = ?" % (key,))
@@ -1326,10 +1324,8 @@ class SQLBaseStore(object):
 
         sql = "DELETE FROM %s" % table
 
-        clauses = []
-        values = []
-
-        add_in_list_sql_clause(txn.database_engine, column, iterable, clauses, values)
+        clause, values = make_in_list_sql_clause(txn.database_engine, column, iterable)
+        clauses = [clause]
 
         for key, value in iteritems(keyvalues):
             clauses.append("%s = ?" % (key,))
@@ -1698,25 +1694,6 @@ def db_to_json(db_content):
         raise
 
 
-def add_in_list_sql_clause(
-    database_engine, column: str, iterable: Iterable, clauses: List[str], args: List
-):
-    """Adds an SQL clause to the given list of clauses/args that checks the
-    given column is in the iterable. c.f. `make_in_list_sql_clause`
-
-    Args:
-        database_engine
-        column: Name of the column
-        iterable: The values to check the column against.
-        clauses: A list to add the expanded clause to
-        args: A list of arguments that we append the args to.
-    """
-
-    clause, new_args = make_in_list_sql_clause(database_engine, column, iterable)
-    clauses.append(clause)
-    args.extend(new_args)
-
-
 def make_in_list_sql_clause(
     database_engine, column: str, iterable: Iterable
 ) -> Tuple[str, Iterable]:
@@ -1736,7 +1713,7 @@ def make_in_list_sql_clause(
         A tuple of SQL query and the args
     """
 
-    if isinstance(database_engine, PostgresEngine):
+    if database_engine.supports_using_any_list:
         # This should hopefully be faster, but also makes postgres query
         # stats easier to understand.
         return "%s = ANY(?)" % (column,), [list(iterable)]
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py b/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
index 601617b21e..f36600b4bb 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/postgres.py
@@ -79,6 +79,12 @@ class PostgresEngine(object):
         """
         return True
 
+    @property
+    def supports_using_any_list(self):
+        """Do we support using `a = ANY(?)` and passing a list
+        """
+        return True
+
     def is_deadlock(self, error):
         if isinstance(error, self.module.DatabaseError):
             # https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/errcodes-appendix.html
diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
index ac92109366..2526258060 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
@@ -46,6 +46,12 @@ class Sqlite3Engine(object):
         """
         return self.module.sqlite_version_info >= (3, 15, 0)
 
+    @property
+    def supports_any_list(self):
+        """Do we support using `a = ANY(?)` and passing a list
+        """
+        return False
+
     def check_database(self, txn):
         pass
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/search.py b/synapse/storage/search.py
index 4be6e56dfa..7695bf09fc 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/search.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/search.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from canonicaljson import json
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from synapse.api.errors import SynapseError
-from synapse.storage._base import add_in_list_sql_clause
+from synapse.storage._base import make_in_list_sql_clause
 from synapse.storage.engines import PostgresEngine, Sqlite3Engine
 
 from .background_updates import BackgroundUpdateStore
@@ -386,9 +386,10 @@ class SearchStore(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore):
         # Make sure we don't explode because the person is in too many rooms.
         # We filter the results below regardless.
         if len(room_ids) < 500:
-            add_in_list_sql_clause(
-                self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids, clauses, args
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids
             )
+            clauses = [clause]
 
         local_clauses = []
         for key in keys:
@@ -494,9 +495,10 @@ class SearchStore(SearchBackgroundUpdateStore):
         # Make sure we don't explode because the person is in too many rooms.
         # We filter the results below regardless.
         if len(room_ids) < 500:
-            add_in_list_sql_clause(
-                self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids, clauses, args
+            clause, args = make_in_list_sql_clause(
+                self.database_engine, "room_id", room_ids
             )
+            clauses = [clause]
 
         local_clauses = []
         for key in keys:

From bc244627ac759bbd4691a2a20ac16383b4c2348c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 15:37:53 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 13/28] Fix postgres unit tests

---
 tests/storage/test_event_federation.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py b/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
index b58386994e..2fe50377f8 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_event_federation.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class EventFederationWorkerStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
                     "(event_id, algorithm, hash) "
                     "VALUES (?, 'sha256', ?)"
                 ),
-                (event_id, b"ffff"),
+                (event_id, bytearray(b"ffff")),
             )
 
         for i in range(0, 11):

From afb6d9d53b417ff3b651767ab88bf63606e7225e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 15:55:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 14/28] Fix SQLite

---
 synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
index 2526258060..ddad17dc5a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/engines/sqlite.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class Sqlite3Engine(object):
         return self.module.sqlite_version_info >= (3, 15, 0)
 
     @property
-    def supports_any_list(self):
+    def supports_using_any_list(self):
         """Do we support using `a = ANY(?)` and passing a list
         """
         return False

From b54b1e759a9bc6517d5a31e3ea732cecb307d4c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 16:19:40 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 15/28] Fix SQLite take 2

---
 synapse/storage/_base.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/synapse/storage/_base.py b/synapse/storage/_base.py
index 6176838aa6..f5906fcd54 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/_base.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/_base.py
@@ -1718,4 +1718,4 @@ def make_in_list_sql_clause(
         # stats easier to understand.
         return "%s = ANY(?)" % (column,), [list(iterable)]
     else:
-        return "%s IN (%s)" % (column, ",".join("?" for _ in iterable)), iterable
+        return "%s IN (%s)" % (column, ",".join("?" for _ in iterable)), list(iterable)

From 4908fb3b30ac007fda5993521448804067751a6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 15:56:00 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 16/28] make storage layer in charge of interpreting the device
 key data

---
 synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py          | 11 -----------
 synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py    | 11 +++++++++--
 tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py | 12 ++++++------
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
index 056fb97acb..6708d983ac 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
@@ -248,17 +248,6 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
 
         results = yield self.store.get_e2e_device_keys(local_query)
 
-        # Build the result structure, un-jsonify the results, and add the
-        # "unsigned" section
-        for user_id, device_keys in results.items():
-            for device_id, device_info in device_keys.items():
-                r = dict(device_info["keys"])
-                r["unsigned"] = {}
-                display_name = device_info["device_display_name"]
-                if display_name is not None:
-                    r["unsigned"]["device_display_name"] = display_name
-                result_dict[user_id][device_id] = r
-
         log_kv(results)
         return result_dict
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
index 33e3a84933..d802d7a485 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 This option only takes effect if include_all_devices is true.
         Returns:
             Dict mapping from user-id to dict mapping from device_id to
-            dict containing "key_json", "device_display_name".
+            key data.
         """
         set_tag("query_list", query_list)
         if not query_list:
@@ -54,9 +54,16 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
             include_deleted_devices,
         )
 
+        # Build the result structure, un-jsonify the results, and add the
+        # "unsigned" section
         for user_id, device_keys in iteritems(results):
             for device_id, device_info in iteritems(device_keys):
-                device_info["keys"] = db_to_json(device_info.pop("key_json"))
+                r = db_to_json(device_info.pop("key_json"))
+                r["unsigned"] = {}
+                display_name = device_info["device_display_name"]
+                if display_name is not None:
+                    r["unsigned"]["device_display_name"] = display_name
+                results[user_id][device_id] = r
 
         return results
 
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py b/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py
index c8ece15284..398d546280 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn("user", res)
         self.assertIn("device", res["user"])
         dev = res["user"]["device"]
-        self.assertDictContainsSubset({"keys": json, "device_display_name": None}, dev)
+        self.assertDictContainsSubset(json, dev)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_reupload_key(self):
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class EndToEndKeyStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn("device", res["user"])
         dev = res["user"]["device"]
         self.assertDictContainsSubset(
-            {"keys": json, "device_display_name": "display_name"}, dev
+            {"key": "value", "unsigned": {"device_display_name": "display_name"}}, dev
         )
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ class EndToEndKeyStoreTestCase(tests.unittest.TestCase):
         yield self.store.store_device("user2", "device1", None)
         yield self.store.store_device("user2", "device2", None)
 
-        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user1", "device1", now, "json11")
-        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user1", "device2", now, "json12")
-        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user2", "device1", now, "json21")
-        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user2", "device2", now, "json22")
+        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user1", "device1", now, {"key": "json11"})
+        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user1", "device2", now, {"key": "json12"})
+        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user2", "device1", now, {"key": "json21"})
+        yield self.store.set_e2e_device_keys("user2", "device2", now, {"key": "json22"})
 
         res = yield self.store.get_e2e_device_keys(
             (("user1", "device1"), ("user2", "device2"))

From 2208891ace3b1d9db148d606fca2b3f784a4257a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 19:22:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 17/28] add changelog

---
 changelog.d/6193.misc | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6193.misc

diff --git a/changelog.d/6193.misc b/changelog.d/6193.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e3707f8fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6193.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Make storage layer responsible for adding device names to key, rather than the handler.

From 7a0dce92594d05179234095899c3d09a8a744cbb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 20:31:30 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 18/28] make sure we actually return something

---
 synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py       | 5 +++++
 synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py | 6 ++++--
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
index 6708d983ac..0a84d0e2b0 100644
--- a/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/handlers/e2e_keys.py
@@ -248,6 +248,11 @@ class E2eKeysHandler(object):
 
         results = yield self.store.get_e2e_device_keys(local_query)
 
+        # Build the result structure
+        for user_id, device_keys in results.items():
+            for device_id, device_info in device_keys.items():
+                result_dict[user_id][device_id] = device_info
+
         log_kv(results)
         return result_dict
 
diff --git a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
index d802d7a485..b00a391c82 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -56,16 +56,18 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
         # Build the result structure, un-jsonify the results, and add the
         # "unsigned" section
+        rv = {}
         for user_id, device_keys in iteritems(results):
+            rv[user_id] = {}
             for device_id, device_info in iteritems(device_keys):
                 r = db_to_json(device_info.pop("key_json"))
                 r["unsigned"] = {}
                 display_name = device_info["device_display_name"]
                 if display_name is not None:
                     r["unsigned"]["device_display_name"] = display_name
-                results[user_id][device_id] = r
+                rv[user_id][device_id] = r
 
-        return results
+        return rv
 
     @trace
     def _get_e2e_device_keys_txn(

From a0d0ba7862e38588aa0d0ac29a720fdf06f1ab8d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Neil Johnson <neil@matrix.org>
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2019 09:38:26 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 19/28] Fix MAU reaping where reserved users are specified.
 (#6168)

---
 changelog.d/6168.bugfix                    |   1 +
 synapse/app/homeserver.py                  |   6 +-
 synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py    | 101 +++++++++++++--------
 tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py |  58 ++++++++++--
 4 files changed, 115 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6168.bugfix

diff --git a/changelog.d/6168.bugfix b/changelog.d/6168.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39e8e9d019
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6168.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix monthly active user reaping where reserved users are specified.
diff --git a/synapse/app/homeserver.py b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
index 774326dff9..eb54f56853 100644
--- a/synapse/app/homeserver.py
+++ b/synapse/app/homeserver.py
@@ -605,13 +605,13 @@ def run(hs):
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def generate_monthly_active_users():
         current_mau_count = 0
-        reserved_count = 0
+        reserved_users = ()
         store = hs.get_datastore()
         if hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau or hs.config.mau_stats_only:
             current_mau_count = yield store.get_monthly_active_count()
-            reserved_count = yield store.get_registered_reserved_users_count()
+            reserved_users = yield store.get_registered_reserved_users()
         current_mau_gauge.set(float(current_mau_count))
-        registered_reserved_users_mau_gauge.set(float(reserved_count))
+        registered_reserved_users_mau_gauge.set(float(len(reserved_users)))
         max_mau_gauge.set(float(hs.config.max_mau_value))
 
     def start_generate_monthly_active_users():
diff --git a/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py b/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
index 752e9788a2..3803604be7 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/monthly_active_users.py
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
         super(MonthlyActiveUsersStore, self).__init__(None, hs)
         self._clock = hs.get_clock()
         self.hs = hs
-        self.reserved_users = ()
         # Do not add more reserved users than the total allowable number
         self._new_transaction(
             dbconn,
@@ -51,7 +50,6 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
             txn (cursor):
             threepids (list[dict]): List of threepid dicts to reserve
         """
-        reserved_user_list = []
 
         for tp in threepids:
             user_id = self.get_user_id_by_threepid_txn(txn, tp["medium"], tp["address"])
@@ -60,10 +58,8 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 is_support = self.is_support_user_txn(txn, user_id)
                 if not is_support:
                     self.upsert_monthly_active_user_txn(txn, user_id)
-                    reserved_user_list.append(user_id)
             else:
                 logger.warning("mau limit reserved threepid %s not found in db" % tp)
-        self.reserved_users = tuple(reserved_user_list)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def reap_monthly_active_users(self):
@@ -74,8 +70,11 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
             Deferred[]
         """
 
-        def _reap_users(txn):
-            # Purge stale users
+        def _reap_users(txn, reserved_users):
+            """
+            Args:
+                reserved_users (tuple): reserved users to preserve
+            """
 
             thirty_days_ago = int(self._clock.time_msec()) - (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 30)
             query_args = [thirty_days_ago]
@@ -83,20 +82,19 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
 
             # Need if/else since 'AND user_id NOT IN ({})' fails on Postgres
             # when len(reserved_users) == 0. Works fine on sqlite.
-            if len(self.reserved_users) > 0:
+            if len(reserved_users) > 0:
                 # questionmarks is a hack to overcome sqlite not supporting
                 # tuples in 'WHERE IN %s'
-                questionmarks = "?" * len(self.reserved_users)
+                question_marks = ",".join("?" * len(reserved_users))
 
-                query_args.extend(self.reserved_users)
-                sql = base_sql + """ AND user_id NOT IN ({})""".format(
-                    ",".join(questionmarks)
-                )
+                query_args.extend(reserved_users)
+                sql = base_sql + " AND user_id NOT IN ({})".format(question_marks)
             else:
                 sql = base_sql
 
             txn.execute(sql, query_args)
 
+            max_mau_value = self.hs.config.max_mau_value
             if self.hs.config.limit_usage_by_mau:
                 # If MAU user count still exceeds the MAU threshold, then delete on
                 # a least recently active basis.
@@ -106,31 +104,52 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 # While Postgres does not require 'LIMIT', but also does not support
                 # negative LIMIT values. So there is no way to write it that both can
                 # support
-                safe_guard = self.hs.config.max_mau_value - len(self.reserved_users)
-                # Must be greater than zero for postgres
-                safe_guard = safe_guard if safe_guard > 0 else 0
-                query_args = [safe_guard]
-
-                base_sql = """
-                    DELETE FROM monthly_active_users
-                    WHERE user_id NOT IN (
-                        SELECT user_id FROM monthly_active_users
-                        ORDER BY timestamp DESC
-                        LIMIT ?
+                if len(reserved_users) == 0:
+                    sql = """
+                        DELETE FROM monthly_active_users
+                        WHERE user_id NOT IN (
+                            SELECT user_id FROM monthly_active_users
+                            ORDER BY timestamp DESC
+                            LIMIT ?
                         )
-                    """
+                        """
+                    txn.execute(sql, (max_mau_value,))
                 # Need if/else since 'AND user_id NOT IN ({})' fails on Postgres
                 # when len(reserved_users) == 0. Works fine on sqlite.
-                if len(self.reserved_users) > 0:
-                    query_args.extend(self.reserved_users)
-                    sql = base_sql + """ AND user_id NOT IN ({})""".format(
-                        ",".join(questionmarks)
-                    )
                 else:
-                    sql = base_sql
-                txn.execute(sql, query_args)
+                    # Must be >= 0 for postgres
+                    num_of_non_reserved_users_to_remove = max(
+                        max_mau_value - len(reserved_users), 0
+                    )
 
-        yield self.runInteraction("reap_monthly_active_users", _reap_users)
+                    # It is important to filter reserved users twice to guard
+                    # against the case where the reserved user is present in the
+                    # SELECT, meaning that a legitmate mau is deleted.
+                    sql = """
+                        DELETE FROM monthly_active_users
+                        WHERE user_id NOT IN (
+                            SELECT user_id FROM monthly_active_users
+                            WHERE user_id NOT IN ({})
+                            ORDER BY timestamp DESC
+                            LIMIT ?
+                        )
+                        AND user_id NOT IN ({})
+                    """.format(
+                        question_marks, question_marks
+                    )
+
+                    query_args = [
+                        *reserved_users,
+                        num_of_non_reserved_users_to_remove,
+                        *reserved_users,
+                    ]
+
+                    txn.execute(sql, query_args)
+
+        reserved_users = yield self.get_registered_reserved_users()
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "reap_monthly_active_users", _reap_users, reserved_users
+        )
         # It seems poor to invalidate the whole cache, Postgres supports
         # 'Returning' which would allow me to invalidate only the
         # specific users, but sqlite has no way to do this and instead
@@ -159,21 +178,25 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersStore(SQLBaseStore):
         return self.runInteraction("count_users", _count_users)
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
-    def get_registered_reserved_users_count(self):
-        """Of the reserved threepids defined in config, how many are associated
+    def get_registered_reserved_users(self):
+        """Of the reserved threepids defined in config, which are associated
         with registered users?
 
         Returns:
-            Defered[int]: Number of real reserved users
+            Defered[list]: Real reserved users
         """
-        count = 0
-        for tp in self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids:
+        users = []
+
+        for tp in self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids[
+            : self.hs.config.max_mau_value
+        ]:
             user_id = yield self.hs.get_datastore().get_user_id_by_threepid(
                 tp["medium"], tp["address"]
             )
             if user_id:
-                count = count + 1
-        return count
+                users.append(user_id)
+
+        return users
 
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def upsert_monthly_active_user(self, user_id):
diff --git a/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py b/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
index 1494650d10..90a63dc477 100644
--- a/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
+++ b/tests/storage/test_monthly_active_users.py
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
             {"medium": "email", "address": user2_email},
             {"medium": "email", "address": user3_email},
         ]
+        self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids = threepids
         # -1 because user3 is a support user and does not count
         user_num = len(threepids) - 1
 
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.hs.config.max_mau_value = 0
 
         self.reactor.advance(FORTY_DAYS)
+        self.hs.config.max_mau_value = 5
 
         self.store.reap_monthly_active_users()
         self.pump()
@@ -147,9 +149,7 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         self.store.reap_monthly_active_users()
         self.pump()
         count = self.store.get_monthly_active_count()
-        self.assertEquals(
-            self.get_success(count), initial_users - self.hs.config.max_mau_value
-        )
+        self.assertEquals(self.get_success(count), self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
 
         self.reactor.advance(FORTY_DAYS)
         self.store.reap_monthly_active_users()
@@ -158,6 +158,44 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         count = self.store.get_monthly_active_count()
         self.assertEquals(self.get_success(count), 0)
 
+    def test_reap_monthly_active_users_reserved_users(self):
+        """ Tests that reaping correctly handles reaping where reserved users are
+        present"""
+
+        self.hs.config.max_mau_value = 5
+        initial_users = 5
+        reserved_user_number = initial_users - 1
+        threepids = []
+        for i in range(initial_users):
+            user = "@user%d:server" % i
+            email = "user%d@example.com" % i
+            self.get_success(self.store.upsert_monthly_active_user(user))
+            threepids.append({"medium": "email", "address": email})
+            # Need to ensure that the most recent entries in the
+            # monthly_active_users table are reserved
+            now = int(self.hs.get_clock().time_msec())
+            if i != 0:
+                self.get_success(
+                    self.store.register_user(user_id=user, password_hash=None)
+                )
+                self.get_success(
+                    self.store.user_add_threepid(user, "email", email, now, now)
+                )
+
+        self.hs.config.mau_limits_reserved_threepids = threepids
+        self.store.runInteraction(
+            "initialise", self.store._initialise_reserved_users, threepids
+        )
+        count = self.store.get_monthly_active_count()
+        self.assertTrue(self.get_success(count), initial_users)
+
+        users = self.store.get_registered_reserved_users()
+        self.assertEquals(len(self.get_success(users)), reserved_user_number)
+
+        self.get_success(self.store.reap_monthly_active_users())
+        count = self.store.get_monthly_active_count()
+        self.assertEquals(self.get_success(count), self.hs.config.max_mau_value)
+
     def test_populate_monthly_users_is_guest(self):
         # Test that guest users are not added to mau list
         user_id = "@user_id:host"
@@ -192,12 +230,13 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
 
     def test_get_reserved_real_user_account(self):
         # Test no reserved users, or reserved threepids
-        count = self.store.get_registered_reserved_users_count()
-        self.assertEquals(self.get_success(count), 0)
+        users = self.get_success(self.store.get_registered_reserved_users())
+        self.assertEquals(len(users), 0)
         # Test reserved users but no registered users
 
         user1 = "@user1:example.com"
         user2 = "@user2:example.com"
+
         user1_email = "user1@example.com"
         user2_email = "user2@example.com"
         threepids = [
@@ -210,8 +249,8 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         )
 
         self.pump()
-        count = self.store.get_registered_reserved_users_count()
-        self.assertEquals(self.get_success(count), 0)
+        users = self.get_success(self.store.get_registered_reserved_users())
+        self.assertEquals(len(users), 0)
 
         # Test reserved registed users
         self.store.register_user(user_id=user1, password_hash=None)
@@ -221,8 +260,9 @@ class MonthlyActiveUsersTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
         now = int(self.hs.get_clock().time_msec())
         self.store.user_add_threepid(user1, "email", user1_email, now, now)
         self.store.user_add_threepid(user2, "email", user2_email, now, now)
-        count = self.store.get_registered_reserved_users_count()
-        self.assertEquals(self.get_success(count), len(threepids))
+
+        users = self.get_success(self.store.get_registered_reserved_users())
+        self.assertEquals(len(users), len(threepids))
 
     def test_support_user_not_add_to_mau_limits(self):
         support_user_id = "@support:test"

From f3ceaf432365bce77cff71116fb6c7d38e61c9ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2019 11:22:36 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 20/28] Trace non-JSON APIs, /media, /key etc

---
 synapse/http/server.py         |  2 +-
 synapse/logging/opentracing.py | 14 ++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/synapse/http/server.py b/synapse/http/server.py
index cb9158fe1b..2ccb210fd6 100644
--- a/synapse/http/server.py
+++ b/synapse/http/server.py
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ class DirectServeResource(resource.Resource):
         if not callback:
             return super().render(request)
 
-        resp = callback(request)
+        resp = trace_servlet(self.__class__.__name__)(callback)(request)
 
         # If it's a coroutine, turn it into a Deferred
         if isinstance(resp, types.CoroutineType):
diff --git a/synapse/logging/opentracing.py b/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
index cd1ff6a518..0638cec429 100644
--- a/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
+++ b/synapse/logging/opentracing.py
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ import contextlib
 import inspect
 import logging
 import re
+import types
 from functools import wraps
 from typing import Dict
 
@@ -778,8 +779,7 @@ def trace_servlet(servlet_name, extract_context=False):
             return func
 
         @wraps(func)
-        @defer.inlineCallbacks
-        def _trace_servlet_inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
+        async def _trace_servlet_inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
             request_tags = {
                 "request_id": request.get_request_id(),
                 tags.SPAN_KIND: tags.SPAN_KIND_RPC_SERVER,
@@ -796,8 +796,14 @@ def trace_servlet(servlet_name, extract_context=False):
                 scope = start_active_span(servlet_name, tags=request_tags)
 
             with scope:
-                result = yield defer.maybeDeferred(func, request, *args, **kwargs)
-                return result
+                result = func(request, *args, **kwargs)
+
+                if not isinstance(result, (types.CoroutineType, defer.Deferred)):
+                    # Some servlets aren't async and just return results
+                    # directly, so we handle that here.
+                    return result
+
+                return await result
 
         return _trace_servlet_inner
 

From de3a1764266536fdc4bf87b01ed873632213eb12 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2019 11:24:08 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 21/28] Newsfile

---
 changelog.d/6195.bugfix | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6195.bugfix

diff --git a/changelog.d/6195.bugfix b/changelog.d/6195.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d22935dbcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6195.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix tracing of non-JSON APIs, /media, /key etc.

From be9b55e0d2b758bd7d9be4273253ea115c5362a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Val=C3=A9rian=20Rousset?= <tharvik@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2019 13:33:12 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 22/28] cas: support setting display name (#6114)

Now, the CAS server can return an attribute stating what's the desired displayname, instead of using the username directly.
---
 changelog.d/6114.feature        | 1 +
 docs/sample_config.yaml         | 1 +
 synapse/config/cas.py           | 3 +++
 synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py | 4 +++-
 4 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6114.feature

diff --git a/changelog.d/6114.feature b/changelog.d/6114.feature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a34ab12148
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6114.feature
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CAS login now provides a default display name for users if a `displayname_attribute` is set in the configuration file.
diff --git a/docs/sample_config.yaml b/docs/sample_config.yaml
index 43893399ad..8226978ba6 100644
--- a/docs/sample_config.yaml
+++ b/docs/sample_config.yaml
@@ -1220,6 +1220,7 @@ saml2_config:
 #   enabled: true
 #   server_url: "https://cas-server.com"
 #   service_url: "https://homeserver.domain.com:8448"
+#   #displayname_attribute: name
 #   #required_attributes:
 #   #    name: value
 
diff --git a/synapse/config/cas.py b/synapse/config/cas.py
index b916c3aa66..4526c1a67b 100644
--- a/synapse/config/cas.py
+++ b/synapse/config/cas.py
@@ -30,11 +30,13 @@ class CasConfig(Config):
             self.cas_enabled = cas_config.get("enabled", True)
             self.cas_server_url = cas_config["server_url"]
             self.cas_service_url = cas_config["service_url"]
+            self.cas_displayname_attribute = cas_config.get("displayname_attribute")
             self.cas_required_attributes = cas_config.get("required_attributes", {})
         else:
             self.cas_enabled = False
             self.cas_server_url = None
             self.cas_service_url = None
+            self.cas_displayname_attribute = None
             self.cas_required_attributes = {}
 
     def generate_config_section(self, config_dir_path, server_name, **kwargs):
@@ -45,6 +47,7 @@ class CasConfig(Config):
         #   enabled: true
         #   server_url: "https://cas-server.com"
         #   service_url: "https://homeserver.domain.com:8448"
+        #   #displayname_attribute: name
         #   #required_attributes:
         #   #    name: value
         """
diff --git a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
index 9cddbc752a..8414af08cb 100644
--- a/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
+++ b/synapse/rest/client/v1/login.py
@@ -377,6 +377,7 @@ class CasTicketServlet(RestServlet):
         super(CasTicketServlet, self).__init__()
         self.cas_server_url = hs.config.cas_server_url
         self.cas_service_url = hs.config.cas_service_url
+        self.cas_displayname_attribute = hs.config.cas_displayname_attribute
         self.cas_required_attributes = hs.config.cas_required_attributes
         self._sso_auth_handler = SSOAuthHandler(hs)
         self._http_client = hs.get_simple_http_client()
@@ -400,6 +401,7 @@ class CasTicketServlet(RestServlet):
 
     def handle_cas_response(self, request, cas_response_body, client_redirect_url):
         user, attributes = self.parse_cas_response(cas_response_body)
+        displayname = attributes.pop(self.cas_displayname_attribute, None)
 
         for required_attribute, required_value in self.cas_required_attributes.items():
             # If required attribute was not in CAS Response - Forbidden
@@ -414,7 +416,7 @@ class CasTicketServlet(RestServlet):
                     raise LoginError(401, "Unauthorized", errcode=Codes.UNAUTHORIZED)
 
         return self._sso_auth_handler.on_successful_auth(
-            user, request, client_redirect_url
+            user, request, client_redirect_url, displayname
         )
 
     def parse_cas_response(self, cas_response_body):

From 132b251e2963b0e509afe00796f1b227e567b989 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hubert Chathi <hubert@uhoreg.ca>
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2019 14:24:52 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 23/28] expand on comment

---
 synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
index b00a391c82..872bc75490 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/end_to_end_keys.py
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ class EndToEndKeyWorkerStore(SQLBaseStore):
                 This option only takes effect if include_all_devices is true.
         Returns:
             Dict mapping from user-id to dict mapping from device_id to
-            key data.
+            key data.  The key data will be a dict in the same format as the
+            DeviceKeys type returned by POST /_matrix/client/r0/keys/query.
         """
         set_tag("query_list", query_list)
         if not query_list:

From a2bb50c2eb431414d999ec682b236620528b00e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2019 15:39:13 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 24/28] Merge pull request #6185 from
 matrix-org/erikj/fix_censored_evnets

Fix inserting bytes as text in `censor_redactions`
---
 changelog.d/6185.bugfix                       |  1 +
 synapse/storage/events.py                     |  6 ++---
 .../redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres | 26 +++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6185.bugfix
 create mode 100644 synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres

diff --git a/changelog.d/6185.bugfix b/changelog.d/6185.bugfix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d1c669b88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6185.bugfix
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix bug where redacted events were sometimes incorrectly censored in the database, breaking APIs that attempted to fetch such events.
diff --git a/synapse/storage/events.py b/synapse/storage/events.py
index 2e485c8644..bb6ff0595a 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from functools import wraps
 from six import iteritems, text_type
 from six.moves import range
 
-from canonicaljson import encode_canonical_json, json
+from canonicaljson import json
 from prometheus_client import Counter, Histogram
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
@@ -1632,9 +1632,7 @@ class EventsStore(
                 and original_event.internal_metadata.is_redacted()
             ):
                 # Redaction was allowed
-                pruned_json = encode_canonical_json(
-                    prune_event_dict(original_event.get_dict())
-                )
+                pruned_json = encode_json(prune_event_dict(original_event.get_dict()))
             else:
                 # Redaction wasn't allowed
                 pruned_json = None
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7bcc5e2f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/* Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+-- There was a bug where we may have updated censored redactions as bytes,
+-- which can (somehow) cause json to be inserted hex encoded. This goes and
+-- undoes any such hex encoded JSON.
+UPDATE event_json SET json = convert_from(json::bytea, 'utf8')
+WHERE event_id IN (
+  SELECT event_json.event_id
+  FROM event_json
+  INNER JOIN redactions ON (event_json.event_id = redacts)
+  WHERE have_censored AND json NOT LIKE '{%'
+);

From 5b0e9948eaae801643e594b5abc8ee4b10bd194e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2019 16:03:24 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 25/28] Do the update as a background index

---
 synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py          | 43 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres | 17 ++++----
 2 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py b/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
index 5717baf48c..e77a7e28af 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
+++ b/synapse/storage/events_bg_updates.py
@@ -71,6 +71,19 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             "redactions_received_ts", self._redactions_received_ts
         )
 
+        # This index gets deleted in `event_fix_redactions_bytes` update
+        self.register_background_index_update(
+            "event_fix_redactions_bytes_create_index",
+            index_name="redactions_censored_redacts",
+            table="redactions",
+            columns=["redacts"],
+            where_clause="have_censored",
+        )
+
+        self.register_background_update_handler(
+            "event_fix_redactions_bytes", self._event_fix_redactions_bytes
+        )
+
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def _background_reindex_fields_sender(self, progress, batch_size):
         target_min_stream_id = progress["target_min_stream_id_inclusive"]
@@ -458,3 +471,33 @@ class EventsBackgroundUpdatesStore(BackgroundUpdateStore):
             yield self._end_background_update("redactions_received_ts")
 
         return count
+
+    @defer.inlineCallbacks
+    def _event_fix_redactions_bytes(self, progress, batch_size):
+        """Undoes hex encoded censored redacted event JSON.
+        """
+
+        def _event_fix_redactions_bytes_txn(txn):
+            # This update is quite fast due to new index.
+            txn.execute(
+                """
+                UPDATE event_json
+                SET
+                    json = convert_from(json::bytea, 'utf8')
+                FROM redactions
+                WHERE
+                    redactions.have_censored
+                    AND event_json.event_id = redactions.redacts
+                    AND json NOT LIKE '{%';
+                """
+            )
+
+            txn.execute("DROP INDEX redactions_censored_redacts")
+
+        yield self.runInteraction(
+            "_event_fix_redactions_bytes", _event_fix_redactions_bytes_txn
+        )
+
+        yield self._end_background_update("event_fix_redactions_bytes")
+
+        return 1
diff --git a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres
index f7bcc5e2f2..67471f3ef5 100644
--- a/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres
+++ b/synapse/storage/schema/delta/56/redaction_censor3_fix_update.sql.postgres
@@ -15,12 +15,11 @@
 
 
 -- There was a bug where we may have updated censored redactions as bytes,
--- which can (somehow) cause json to be inserted hex encoded. This goes and
--- undoes any such hex encoded JSON.
-UPDATE event_json SET json = convert_from(json::bytea, 'utf8')
-WHERE event_id IN (
-  SELECT event_json.event_id
-  FROM event_json
-  INNER JOIN redactions ON (event_json.event_id = redacts)
-  WHERE have_censored AND json NOT LIKE '{%'
-);
+-- which can (somehow) cause json to be inserted hex encoded. These updates go
+-- and undoes any such hex encoded JSON.
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json)
+  VALUES ('event_fix_redactions_bytes_create_index', '{}');
+
+INSERT into background_updates (update_name, progress_json, depends_on)
+  VALUES ('event_fix_redactions_bytes', '{}', 'event_fix_redactions_bytes_create_index');

From 71cd3fed669a55e6ef000591ca89fe01b37a5ee1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <richard@matrix.org>
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2019 16:40:56 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 26/28] 1.4.1rc1

---
 CHANGES.md              | 8 ++++++++
 changelog.d/6185.bugfix | 1 -
 synapse/__init__.py     | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 changelog.d/6185.bugfix

diff --git a/CHANGES.md b/CHANGES.md
index 165e1d4db4..ecba33bd30 100644
--- a/CHANGES.md
+++ b/CHANGES.md
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+Synapse 1.4.1rc1 (2019-10-17)
+=============================
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+
+- Fix bug where redacted events were sometimes incorrectly censored in the database, breaking APIs that attempted to fetch such events. ([\#6185](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/6185), [5b0e9948](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/commit/5b0e9948eaae801643e594b5abc8ee4b10bd194e))
+
 Synapse 1.4.0 (2019-10-03)
 ==========================
 
diff --git a/changelog.d/6185.bugfix b/changelog.d/6185.bugfix
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d1c669b88..0000000000
--- a/changelog.d/6185.bugfix
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fix bug where redacted events were sometimes incorrectly censored in the database, breaking APIs that attempted to fetch such events.
diff --git a/synapse/__init__.py b/synapse/__init__.py
index 2d52d26af5..2fc0c3cf85 100644
--- a/synapse/__init__.py
+++ b/synapse/__init__.py
@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     pass
 
-__version__ = "1.4.0"
+__version__ = "1.4.1rc1"

From 423f7ae3974e251fef110c90a620a51789459d68 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <richard@matrix.org>
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2019 17:06:07 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 27/28] Fix up changelogs

---
 changelog.d/6186.misc | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changelog.d/6186.misc

diff --git a/changelog.d/6186.misc b/changelog.d/6186.misc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e1314a0ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/6186.misc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Reject (accidental) attempts to insert bytes into postgres tables.

From 6fb0a3da07192382bd05e0309c74d0e91c3b1253 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard van der Hoff <richard@matrix.org>
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2019 18:03:28 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 28/28] Remove dead changelog file

This is part of 1.4.1
---
 changelog.d/6185.bugfix | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)
 delete mode 100644 changelog.d/6185.bugfix

diff --git a/changelog.d/6185.bugfix b/changelog.d/6185.bugfix
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d1c669b88..0000000000
--- a/changelog.d/6185.bugfix
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fix bug where redacted events were sometimes incorrectly censored in the database, breaking APIs that attempted to fetch such events.