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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Introduction</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="welcome_and_overview.html">Welcome and Overview</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Setup</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="setup/installation.html">Installation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="postgres.html">Using Postgres</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="reverse_proxy.html">Configuring a Reverse Proxy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="setup/forward_proxy.html">Configuring a Forward/Outbound Proxy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="turn-howto.html" class="active">Configuring a Turn Server</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="delegate.html">Delegation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Upgrading</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="upgrade.html">Upgrading between Synapse Versions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Usage</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="federate.html">Federation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html">Configuration Manual</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/homeserver_sample_config.html">Homeserver Sample Config File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/logging_sample_config.html">Logging Sample Config File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="structured_logging.html">Structured Logging</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="templates.html">Templates</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/user_authentication/index.html">User Authentication</a></li><li><ol 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href="CAPTCHA_SETUP.html">Registration Captcha</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="application_services.html">Application Services</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="server_notices.html">Server Notices</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="consent_tracking.html">Consent Tracking</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/url_previews.html">URL Previews</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="user_directory.html">User Directory</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="message_retention_policies.html">Message Retention Policies</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/index.html">Pluggable Modules</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/writing_a_module.html">Writing a module</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/spam_checker_callbacks.html">Spam checker callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/third_party_rules_callbacks.html">Third-party rules callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/presence_router_callbacks.html">Presence router callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/account_validity_callbacks.html">Account validity callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/password_auth_provider_callbacks.html">Password auth provider callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/background_update_controller_callbacks.html">Background update controller callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/account_data_callbacks.html">Account data callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/porting_legacy_module.html">Porting a legacy module to the new interface</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="workers.html">Workers</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="synctl_workers.html">Using synctl with Workers</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="systemd-with-workers/index.html">Systemd</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/index.html">Administration</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/admin_api/index.html">Admin API</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/account_validity.html">Account Validity</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/admin_api/background_updates.html">Background Updates</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/event_reports.html">Event Reports</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/media_admin_api.html">Media</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/purge_history_api.html">Purge History</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/register_api.html">Register Users</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/admin_api/registration_tokens.html">Registration Tokens</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/room_membership.html">Manipulate Room Membership</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/rooms.html">Rooms</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/server_notices.html">Server Notices</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/statistics.html">Statistics</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/user_admin_api.html">Users</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/version_api.html">Server Version</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/admin_api/federation.html">Federation</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="manhole.html">Manhole</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="metrics-howto.html">Monitoring</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/understanding_synapse_through_grafana_graphs.html">Understanding Synapse Through Grafana Graphs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/useful_sql_for_admins.html">Useful SQL for Admins</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/database_maintenance_tools.html">Database Maintenance Tools</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/state_groups.html">State Groups</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/request_log.html">Request log format</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/admin_faq.html">Admin FAQ</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Scripts</div></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">Development</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a 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class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/synapse_architecture/cancellation.html">Cancellation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="log_contexts.html">Log Contexts</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="replication.html">Replication</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tcp_replication.html">TCP Replication</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/internal_documentation/index.html">Internal Documentation</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Single Sign-On</div></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/saml.html">SAML</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/cas.html">CAS</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/room-dag-concepts.html">Room DAG concepts</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>State Resolution</div></li><li><ol 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<h1 id="overview"><a class="header" href="#overview">Overview</a></h1>
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<p>This document explains how to enable VoIP relaying on your homeserver with
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TURN.</p>
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<p>The synapse Matrix homeserver supports integration with TURN server via the
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<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-uberti-behave-turn-rest-00">TURN server REST API</a>. This
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allows the homeserver to generate credentials that are valid for use on the
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TURN server through the use of a secret shared between the homeserver and the
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TURN server.</p>
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<p>The following sections describe how to install <a href="https://github.com/coturn/coturn">coturn</a> (which implements the TURN REST API) and integrate it with synapse.</p>
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<h2 id="requirements"><a class="header" href="#requirements">Requirements</a></h2>
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<p>For TURN relaying with <code>coturn</code> to work, it must be hosted on a server/endpoint with a public IP.</p>
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<p>Hosting TURN behind NAT requires port forwaring and for the NAT gateway to have a public IP.
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However, even with appropriate configuration, NAT is known to cause issues and to often not work.</p>
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<h2 id="coturn-setup"><a class="header" href="#coturn-setup"><code>coturn</code> setup</a></h2>
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<h3 id="initial-installation"><a class="header" href="#initial-installation">Initial installation</a></h3>
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<p>The TURN daemon <code>coturn</code> is available from a variety of sources such as native package managers, or installation from source.</p>
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<h4 id="debian-installation"><a class="header" href="#debian-installation">Debian installation</a></h4>
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<p>Just install the debian package:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">apt install coturn
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</code></pre>
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<p>This will install and start a systemd service called <code>coturn</code>.</p>
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<h4 id="source-installation"><a class="header" href="#source-installation">Source installation</a></h4>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p>Download the <a href="https://github.com/coturn/coturn/releases/latest">latest release</a> from github. Unpack it and <code>cd</code> into the directory.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Configure it:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">./configure
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</code></pre>
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<p>You may need to install <code>libevent2</code>: if so, you should do so in
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the way recommended by your operating system. You can ignore
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warnings about lack of database support: a database is unnecessary
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for this purpose.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Build and install it:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">make
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make install
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<h3 id="configuration"><a class="header" href="#configuration">Configuration</a></h3>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p>Create or edit the config file in <code>/etc/turnserver.conf</code>. The relevant
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lines, with example values, are:</p>
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<pre><code>use-auth-secret
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static-auth-secret=[your secret key here]
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realm=turn.myserver.org
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</code></pre>
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<p>See <code>turnserver.conf</code> for explanations of the options. One way to generate
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the <code>static-auth-secret</code> is with <code>pwgen</code>:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">pwgen -s 64 1
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</code></pre>
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<p>A <code>realm</code> must be specified, but its value is somewhat arbitrary. (It is
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sent to clients as part of the authentication flow.) It is conventional to
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set it to be your server name.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>You will most likely want to configure coturn to write logs somewhere. The
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easiest way is normally to send them to the syslog:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">syslog
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</code></pre>
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<p>(in which case, the logs will be available via <code>journalctl -u coturn</code> on a
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systemd system). Alternatively, coturn can be configured to write to a
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logfile - check the example config file supplied with coturn.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Consider your security settings. TURN lets users request a relay which will
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connect to arbitrary IP addresses and ports. The following configuration is
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suggested as a minimum starting point:</p>
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<pre><code># VoIP traffic is all UDP. There is no reason to let users connect to arbitrary TCP endpoints via the relay.
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no-tcp-relay
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# don't let the relay ever try to connect to private IP address ranges within your network (if any)
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# given the turn server is likely behind your firewall, remember to include any privileged public IPs too.
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denied-peer-ip=10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
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denied-peer-ip=192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255
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denied-peer-ip=172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255
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# recommended additional local peers to block, to mitigate external access to internal services.
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# https://www.rtcsec.com/article/slack-webrtc-turn-compromise-and-bug-bounty/#how-to-fix-an-open-turn-relay-to-address-this-vulnerability
|
|
no-multicast-peers
|
|
denied-peer-ip=0.0.0.0-0.255.255.255
|
|
denied-peer-ip=100.64.0.0-100.127.255.255
|
|
denied-peer-ip=127.0.0.0-127.255.255.255
|
|
denied-peer-ip=169.254.0.0-169.254.255.255
|
|
denied-peer-ip=192.0.0.0-192.0.0.255
|
|
denied-peer-ip=192.0.2.0-192.0.2.255
|
|
denied-peer-ip=192.88.99.0-192.88.99.255
|
|
denied-peer-ip=198.18.0.0-198.19.255.255
|
|
denied-peer-ip=198.51.100.0-198.51.100.255
|
|
denied-peer-ip=203.0.113.0-203.0.113.255
|
|
denied-peer-ip=240.0.0.0-255.255.255.255
|
|
|
|
# special case the turn server itself so that client->TURN->TURN->client flows work
|
|
# this should be one of the turn server's listening IPs
|
|
allowed-peer-ip=10.0.0.1
|
|
|
|
# consider whether you want to limit the quota of relayed streams per user (or total) to avoid risk of DoS.
|
|
user-quota=12 # 4 streams per video call, so 12 streams = 3 simultaneous relayed calls per user.
|
|
total-quota=1200
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Also consider supporting TLS/DTLS. To do this, add the following settings
|
|
to <code>turnserver.conf</code>:</p>
|
|
<pre><code># TLS certificates, including intermediate certs.
|
|
# For Let's Encrypt certificates, use `fullchain.pem` here.
|
|
cert=/path/to/fullchain.pem
|
|
|
|
# TLS private key file
|
|
pkey=/path/to/privkey.pem
|
|
|
|
# Ensure the configuration lines that disable TLS/DTLS are commented-out or removed
|
|
#no-tls
|
|
#no-dtls
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>In this case, replace the <code>turn:</code> schemes in the <code>turn_uris</code> settings below
|
|
with <code>turns:</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>We recommend that you only try to set up TLS/DTLS once you have set up a
|
|
basic installation and got it working.</p>
|
|
<p>NB: If your TLS certificate was provided by Let's Encrypt, TLS/DTLS will
|
|
not work with any Matrix client that uses Chromium's WebRTC library. This
|
|
currently includes Element Android & iOS; for more details, see their
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/vector-im/element-android/issues/1533">respective</a>
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/vector-im/element-ios/issues/2712">issues</a> as well as the underlying
|
|
<a href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/webrtc/issues/detail?id=11710">WebRTC issue</a>.
|
|
Consider using a ZeroSSL certificate for your TURN server as a working alternative.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Ensure your firewall allows traffic into the TURN server on the ports
|
|
you've configured it to listen on (By default: 3478 and 5349 for TURN
|
|
traffic (remember to allow both TCP and UDP traffic), and ports 49152-65535
|
|
for the UDP relay.)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If your TURN server is behind NAT, the NAT gateway must have an external,
|
|
publicly-reachable IP address. You must configure coturn to advertise that
|
|
address to connecting clients:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>external-ip=EXTERNAL_NAT_IPv4_ADDRESS
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>You may optionally limit the TURN server to listen only on the local
|
|
address that is mapped by NAT to the external address:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>listening-ip=INTERNAL_TURNSERVER_IPv4_ADDRESS
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>If your NAT gateway is reachable over both IPv4 and IPv6, you may
|
|
configure coturn to advertise each available address:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>external-ip=EXTERNAL_NAT_IPv4_ADDRESS
|
|
external-ip=EXTERNAL_NAT_IPv6_ADDRESS
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>When advertising an external IPv6 address, ensure that the firewall and
|
|
network settings of the system running your TURN server are configured to
|
|
accept IPv6 traffic, and that the TURN server is listening on the local
|
|
IPv6 address that is mapped by NAT to the external IPv6 address.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>(Re)start the turn server:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If you used the Debian package (or have set up a systemd unit yourself):</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-sh">systemctl restart coturn
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If you installed from source:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-sh">bin/turnserver -o
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<h2 id="synapse-setup"><a class="header" href="#synapse-setup">Synapse setup</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Your homeserver configuration file needs the following extra keys:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>"<code>turn_uris</code>": This needs to be a yaml list of public-facing URIs
|
|
for your TURN server to be given out to your clients. Add separate
|
|
entries for each transport your TURN server supports.</li>
|
|
<li>"<code>turn_shared_secret</code>": This is the secret shared between your
|
|
homeserver and your TURN server, so you should set it to the same
|
|
string you used in turnserver.conf.</li>
|
|
<li>"<code>turn_user_lifetime</code>": This is the amount of time credentials
|
|
generated by your homeserver are valid for (in milliseconds).
|
|
Shorter times offer less potential for abuse at the expense of
|
|
increased traffic between web clients and your homeserver to
|
|
refresh credentials. The TURN REST API specification recommends
|
|
one day (86400000).</li>
|
|
<li>"<code>turn_allow_guests</code>": Whether to allow guest users to use the
|
|
TURN server. This is enabled by default, as otherwise VoIP will
|
|
not work reliably for guests. However, it does introduce a
|
|
security risk as it lets guests connect to arbitrary endpoints
|
|
without having gone through a CAPTCHA or similar to register a
|
|
real account.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>As an example, here is the relevant section of the config file for <code>matrix.org</code>. The
|
|
<code>turn_uris</code> are appropriate for TURN servers listening on the default ports, with no TLS.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>turn_uris: [ "turn:turn.matrix.org?transport=udp", "turn:turn.matrix.org?transport=tcp" ]
|
|
turn_shared_secret: "n0t4ctuAllymatr1Xd0TorgSshar3d5ecret4obvIousreAsons"
|
|
turn_user_lifetime: 86400000
|
|
turn_allow_guests: True
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>After updating the homeserver configuration, you must restart synapse:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>If you use synctl:
|
|
<pre><code class="language-sh"># Depending on how Synapse is installed, synctl may already be on
|
|
# your PATH. If not, you may need to activate a virtual environment.
|
|
synctl restart
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>If you use systemd:
|
|
<pre><code class="language-sh">systemctl restart matrix-synapse.service
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>... and then reload any clients (or wait an hour for them to refresh their
|
|
settings).</p>
|
|
<h2 id="troubleshooting"><a class="header" href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></h2>
|
|
<p>The normal symptoms of a misconfigured TURN server are that calls between
|
|
devices on different networks ring, but get stuck at "call
|
|
connecting". Unfortunately, troubleshooting this can be tricky.</p>
|
|
<p>Here are a few things to try:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Check that you have opened your firewall to allow TCP and UDP traffic to the
|
|
TURN ports (normally 3478 and 5349).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Check that you have opened your firewall to allow UDP traffic to the UDP
|
|
relay ports (49152-65535 by default).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Try disabling <code>coturn</code>'s TLS/DTLS listeners and enable only its (unencrypted)
|
|
TCP/UDP listeners. (This will only leave signaling traffic unencrypted;
|
|
voice & video WebRTC traffic is always encrypted.)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Some WebRTC implementations (notably, that of Google Chrome) appear to get
|
|
confused by TURN servers which are reachable over IPv6 (this appears to be
|
|
an unexpected side-effect of its handling of multiple IP addresses as
|
|
defined by
|
|
<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtcweb-ip-handling-12"><code>draft-ietf-rtcweb-ip-handling</code></a>).</p>
|
|
<p>Try removing any AAAA records for your TURN server, so that it is only
|
|
reachable over IPv4.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If your TURN server is behind NAT:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>double-check that your NAT gateway is correctly forwarding all TURN
|
|
ports (normally 3478 & 5349 for TCP & UDP TURN traffic, and 49152-65535 for the UDP
|
|
relay) to the NAT-internal address of your TURN server. If advertising
|
|
both IPv4 and IPv6 external addresses via the <code>external-ip</code> option, ensure
|
|
that the NAT is forwarding both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic to the IPv4 and IPv6
|
|
internal addresses of your TURN server. When in doubt, remove AAAA records
|
|
for your TURN server and specify only an IPv4 address as your <code>external-ip</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>ensure that your TURN server uses the NAT gateway as its default route.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Enable more verbose logging in coturn via the <code>verbose</code> setting:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>verbose
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>... and then see if there are any clues in its logs.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If you are using a browser-based client under Chrome, check
|
|
<code>chrome://webrtc-internals/</code> for insights into the internals of the
|
|
negotiation. On Firefox, check the "Connection Log" on <code>about:webrtc</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>(Understanding the output is beyond the scope of this document!)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>You can test your Matrix homeserver TURN setup with <a href="https://test.voip.librepush.net/">https://test.voip.librepush.net/</a>.
|
|
Note that this test is not fully reliable yet, so don't be discouraged if
|
|
the test fails.
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/voip-tester">Here</a> is the github repo of the
|
|
source of the tester, where you can file bug reports.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>There is a WebRTC test tool at
|
|
<a href="https://webrtc.github.io/samples/src/content/peerconnection/trickle-ice/">https://webrtc.github.io/samples/src/content/peerconnection/trickle-ice/</a>. To
|
|
use it, you will need a username/password for your TURN server. You can
|
|
either:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>look for the <code>GET /_matrix/client/r0/voip/turnServer</code> request made by a
|
|
matrix client to your homeserver in your browser's network inspector. In
|
|
the response you should see <code>username</code> and <code>password</code>. Or:</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Use the following shell commands:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-sh">secret=staticAuthSecretHere
|
|
|
|
u=$((`date +%s` + 3600)):test
|
|
p=$(echo -n $u | openssl dgst -hmac $secret -sha1 -binary | base64)
|
|
echo -e "username: $u\npassword: $p"
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Or:</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Temporarily configure coturn to accept a static username/password. To do
|
|
this, comment out <code>use-auth-secret</code> and <code>static-auth-secret</code> and add the
|
|
following:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>lt-cred-mech
|
|
user=username:password
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p><strong>Note</strong>: these settings will not take effect unless <code>use-auth-secret</code>
|
|
and <code>static-auth-secret</code> are disabled.</p>
|
|
<p>Restart coturn after changing the configuration file.</p>
|
|
<p>Remember to restore the original settings to go back to testing with
|
|
Matrix clients!</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>If the TURN server is working correctly, you should see at least one <code>relay</code>
|
|
entry in the results.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
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