diff --git a/configs/stable-diffusion/v1-4-finetune-test.yaml b/configs/stable-diffusion/v1-4-finetune-test.yaml
index 93dd2a9..bd446c9 100644
--- a/configs/stable-diffusion/v1-4-finetune-test.yaml
+++ b/configs/stable-diffusion/v1-4-finetune-test.yaml
@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ model:
 
     cond_stage_config:
       target: ldm.modules.encoders.modules.FrozenCLIPEmbedder
+      params:
+        penultimate: true # use 2nd last layer - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.11487.pdf D.1
 
 data:
   target: main.DataModuleFromConfig
diff --git a/ldm/modules/encoders/modules.py b/ldm/modules/encoders/modules.py
index ededbe4..2041738 100644
--- a/ldm/modules/encoders/modules.py
+++ b/ldm/modules/encoders/modules.py
@@ -136,12 +136,13 @@ class SpatialRescaler(nn.Module):
 
 class FrozenCLIPEmbedder(AbstractEncoder):
     """Uses the CLIP transformer encoder for text (from Hugging Face)"""
-    def __init__(self, version="openai/clip-vit-large-patch14", device="cuda", max_length=77):
+    def __init__(self, version="openai/clip-vit-large-patch14", device="cuda", max_length=77, penultimate=True):
         super().__init__()
         self.tokenizer = CLIPTokenizer.from_pretrained(version)
         self.transformer = CLIPTextModel.from_pretrained(version)
         self.device = device
         self.max_length = max_length
+        self.penultimate = penultimate # return embeddings from 2nd to last layer, see https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.11487.pdf
         self.freeze()
 
     def freeze(self):
@@ -155,7 +156,11 @@ class FrozenCLIPEmbedder(AbstractEncoder):
         tokens = batch_encoding["input_ids"].to(self.device)
         outputs = self.transformer(input_ids=tokens)
 
-        z = outputs.last_hidden_state
+        if self.penultimate:
+            z = outputs.hidden_states[-2] # simple enough
+        else:
+            z = outputs.last_hidden_state
+        
         return z
 
     def encode(self, text):