344 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
344 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
GPARTED
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=======
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Gparted is the GNOME Partition Editor for creating, reorganizing, and
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deleting disk partitions.
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A hard disk is usually subdivided into one or more partitions. These
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partitions are normally not re-sizable (making one smaller and the
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adjacent one larger.) Gparted makes it possible for you to take a
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hard disk and change the partition organization, while preserving the
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partition contents.
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More specifically, Gparted enables you to create, destroy, resize,
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move, check, label, and copy partitions, and the file systems
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contained within. This is useful for creating space for new operating
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systems, reorganizing disk usage, and mirroring one partition with
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another (disk imaging).
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Gparted can also be used with storage devices other than hard disks,
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such as USB flash drives, and memory cards.
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Visit https://gparted.org for more information.
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LICENSING
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---------
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GParted is released under the General Public License version 2, or (at
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your option) any later version. (GPLv2+). All files are released under
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the GPLv2+ unless explicitly licensed otherwise.
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The GParted Manual is released under the GNU Free Documentation License
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version 1.2 or any later version. (GFDLv1.2+).
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Google Test C++ test framework is released under the 3-Clause BSD
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License. (BSD-3-Clause).
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See these files for more details:
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COPYING - GNU General Public License version 2
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COPYING-DOCS - GNU Free Documentation License version 1.2
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lib/gtest/LICENSE
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- 3-Clause BSD License
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NEWS
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----
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Information about changes to this release, and past releases can be
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found in the file:
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NEWS
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INSTALL
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-------
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a. Pre-built Binary
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Many GNU/Linux distributions already provide a pre-built binary
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package for GParted. Instructions on how to install GParted on
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some distributions is given below:
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CentOS/RHEL
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-----------
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su -
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yum install gparted
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Debian or Ubuntu
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----------------
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sudo apt install gparted
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Fedora
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------
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su -
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dnf install gparted
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OpenSUSE
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--------
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sudo zypper install gparted
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b. Building from Source
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Briefly, build and install GParted into the default location of
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/usr/local using:
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./configure
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make
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sudo make install
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sudo install -m 644 org.gnome.gparted.policy \
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/usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.gnome.gparted.local.policy
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This assumes all the dependencies are already installed, builds the
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default configuration and polkit is being used as the graphical su
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program.
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The following dependencies are required to build GParted from source:
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g++
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make
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parted
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gnome-common
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gtkmm3
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gettext
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polkit
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yelp-tools - required if help documentation is to be built
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On CentOS/RHEL, these dependencies may be obtained by running the
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following command as root:
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yum install gnome-common yelp-tools glib2-devel gcc-c++ \
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libuuid-devel parted-devel gtkmm30-devel make \
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polkit-devel gettext-devel
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On Debian or Ubuntu, these dependencies may be obtained by running
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one of the following commands:
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Either;
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sudo apt build-dep gparted
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Or;
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sudo apt install build-essential gnome-common yelp-tools \
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libglib2.0-dev uuid-dev libparted-dev \
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libgtkmm-3.0-dev
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Debian 13 and later and Ubuntu 24.04 LTS and later also require this
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dependency installing:
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sudo apt install libpolkit-gobject-1-dev
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On Fedora, these dependencies may be obtained by running the
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following command as root:
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dnf install gnome-common yelp-tools glib2-devel gcc-c++ \
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libuuid-devel parted-devel gtkmm30-devel make \
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polkit-devel gettext-devel
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On openSUSE, these dependencies may be obtained by running the
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following commands:
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sudo zypper install gnome-common gcc-c++ libuuid-devel \
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parted-devel gtkmm3-devel make polkit-devel
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Again, build GParted with the default configuration and install into
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the default location of /usr/local using:
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./configure
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make
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sudo make install
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If you wish to build this package without the help documentation use
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the --disable-doc flag:
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E.g., ./configure --disable-doc
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If you wish to build this package to use native libparted /dev/mapper
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dmraid support use the --enable-libparted-dmraid flag:
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E.g., ./configure --enable-libparted-dmraid
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If you wish to build this package with online resize support then
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the following is required:
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a) Linux kernel version 3.6 or higher.
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b) Libparted with online resize support. Either:
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i) Libparted version 3.2 or later which includes online
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resize support as standard. In this case GParted is
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automatically built with online resize support.
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ii) Online resize support back ported into an earlier version
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of libparted. This is only known to be included in Debian
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and derived distributions with parted version 2.3-14 and
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higher. In this case online resize support must be
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specifically enabled with the --enable-online-resize flag:
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E.g., ./configure --enable-online-resize
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If you wish to build GParted to allow it to use xhost to grant root
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access to the X11 server use the --enable-xhost-root flag. This is
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required to allow GParted to display under Wayland.
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./configure --enable-xhost-root
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Please note that more than one configure flag can be used:
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E.g., ./configure --disable-doc --enable-libparted-dmraid
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The INSTALL file contains further GNU installation instructions.
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c. Installing polkit's Action File
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GParted needs to run as root therefore it needs a graphical switch
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user program to allow normal users to run it. Most desktops now use
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polkit as their preferred authorisation mechanism. Therefore
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./configure looks for polkit's pkexec as the first choice with
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fallbacks in order being: gksudo, gksu, kdesudo and finally xdg-su.
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Also polkit reads action files only from directory
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/usr/share/polkit-1/actions. Therefore it is likely that a polkit
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action file will need to be installed into this directory.
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To determine if polkit's pkexec program is being used as the
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graphical privilege escalation program examine the output from
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./configure. These lines report that pkexec is being used:
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checking for pkexec >= 0.102... 0.112 found
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Where as either of these lines of ./configure output report that
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pkexec is not being used because either it was too old a version or
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it was not found:
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checking for pkexec >= 0.102... 0.96 found
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checking for pkexec >= 0.102... not found
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When GParted is configured with prefix /usr (using command
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./configure --prefix=/usr) then make install will automatically
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install the polkit action file into the correct directory and no
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further steps need to be taken. This is typically the case for
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distribution builds of GParted.
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However when GParted is configured with the default prefix of
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/usr/local, or any prefix other than /usr, then the polkit action
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file has to be manually installed into the correct directory. Also
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it should have a unique file name to avoid overwriting the action
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file from the distribution's package. Install the polkit action file
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with a unique name including an extra ".local" in the name:
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sudo install -m 644 org.gnome.gparted.policy \
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/usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.gnome.gparted.local.policy
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d. Building using a Specific (lib)parted Version
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1) Download the parted version you wish to use (e.g., 3.2) from:
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http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/parted/
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2) Build and install parted.
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Extract parted tarball, configure, make, and sudo make install.
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Note that by default this will install into /usr/local.
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3) Set environment variables to inform the GParted build system to
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use libparted from /usr/local:
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export CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include
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export LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/lib
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export LD_RUN_PATH=/usr/local/lib
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export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
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4) Build gparted using steps listed above in "Building from Source".
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Note that when you run ./configure you should see the specific
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version of parted listed in the check for libparted >= 1.7.1.
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You will also see the libparted version listed when running
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gparted from the command line.
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DIRECTORIES
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------------
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data - contains desktop icons
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doc - contains manual page documentation
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help - contains GParted Manual and international translations
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include - contains source header files
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lib/gtest
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- contains Google Test C++ test framework libraries
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m4 - contains macro files
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po - contains international language translations
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src - contains C++ source code
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DISTRIBUTION NOTES
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------------------
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GParted uses GNU libparted to detect and manipulate devices and
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partition tables. The blkid command is also required to detect those
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file systems which libparted doesn't detect. (The blkid command should
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be considered a mandatory requirement).
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GParted also queries and manipulates the file systems within those
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devices and partitions. When available, it uses each file system's
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specific commands. The following optional file system specific packages
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provide this support:
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btrfs-progs / btrfs-tools
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e2fsprogs
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exfatprogs
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f2fs-tools
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dosfstools
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mtools - required to read and write FAT16/32 volume labels
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and UUIDs
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hfsutils
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hfsprogs
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jfsutils
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nilfs-utils / nilfs-tools
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ntfs-3g / ntfsprogs
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reiser4progs
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reiserfsprogs / reiserfs-utils / reiserfs
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udftools
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util-linux - required to create and check MINIX file systems
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xfsprogs, xfsdump
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For dmraid support, the following packages are required:
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dmsetup - removes /dev/mapper entries
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dmraid - lists dmraid devices and creates /dev/mapper
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entries
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For GNU/Linux distribution dmraid support, the following are required:
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- kernel built with Device Mapping and Mirroring built. From
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menuconfig, it is under Device Drivers -> <something> (RAID & LVM).
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- dmraid drive arrays activated on boot (e.g., dmraid -ay).
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For LVM2 Physical Volume support the following command is required:
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lvm - LVM2 administration tool
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And device-mapper support in the kernel.
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For accurate detection and reporting of Linux Software RAID Arrays the
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following command is required:
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mdadm - SWRaid administration tool
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For LUKS support the following commands are required:
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cryptsetup - LUKS volume administration tool
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dmsetup - Device-mapper administration tool
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Several more commands are optionally used by GParted if found on the
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system. These commands include:
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blkid - [mandatory requirement] used to detect file systems
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libparted doesn't, read UUIDs and volume labels
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hdparm - used to query disk device serial numbers
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udisks - used to prevent automounting of file systems
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hal-lock - used to prevent automounting of file systems
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pkexec - used to acquire root privileges in gparted shell
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script wrapper, but only if available when gparted
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source is configured
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gksudo - alternatively used to acquire root privileges in
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gparted shell script wrapper, second choice if
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available when gparted source is configured
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gksu - alternatively used to acquire root privileges in
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gparted shell script wrapper, third choice if
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available when gparted source is configured
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kdesudo - alternatively used to acquire root privileges in
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gparted shell script wrapper, fourth choice if
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available when gparted source is configured
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xdg-su - alternatively used to acquire root privileges in
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gparted shell script wrapper, last choice if
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available when gparted source is configured
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udevadm - used in dmraid to query udev name
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yelp - used to display help manual
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(requires gvfs to be able to launch yelp)
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xhost - used to grant root access to the X11 server, only
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when configured to do so
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